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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.
It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.
In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]
Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.
A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.
Line 2
It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.
Line 3
In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]
Line 4
Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.
Line 5
A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adriatic noun US /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading “Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.”

avers verb US /ˈeɪvərz/

third-person singular of “aver” — report or maintain

From this reading “Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.”

Catacombs noun US /ˈkætəkoʊmz/

plural of “catacomb” — an underground tunnel with recesses where bodies were buried (as in ancient Rome)

From this reading “It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.”

Illyrian noun US /ˌɪˈlɪriən/

a minor and almost extinct branch of the Indo-European languages; spoken along the Dalmatian coast

From this reading “Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.”

Nemesis noun US /ˈneməsɪs/

(Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance

From this reading “In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]”

persecuting verb US /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading “It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.”

persecutor noun US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtər/

someone who torments

From this reading “A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.”

persecutors noun US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading “FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

inflicted on verb + particle counted as “inflict on”

In this reading “In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]”

own hand verb + noun

In this reading “Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

56

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

AdriaticnounUS /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

avengingverbUS /əˈvendʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “avenge” — take revenge for a perceived wrong

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

aversverbUS /ˈeɪvərz/

third-person singular of “aver” — report or maintain

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

befellverbUS /bɪˈfel/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

believersnounUS /bəˈliːvərz/

plural of “believer” — a supporter who accepts something as true

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

CatacombsnounUS /ˈkætəkoʊmz/

plural of “catacomb” — an underground tunnel with recesses where bodies were buried (as in ancient Rome)

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

CHRISTIANITYnounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

ChristiansnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

deathsnounUS /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

Diocletiannoun

Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303 (245-313)

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

EmpressnounUS /ˈempres/

a woman emperor or the wife of an emperor

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

FATEnounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

Galerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

IllyriannounUS /ˌɪˈlɪriən/

a minor and almost extinct branch of the Indo-European languages; spoken along the Dalmatian coast

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

inexorableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈneksərəbəl/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

inflictedverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

lowlyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊli/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

maladynounUS /ˈmælədi/

any unwholesome or desperate condition

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

martyrnounUS /ˈmɑːrtər/

one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

mythologynounUS /məˈθɑːlədʒiː/

myths collectively; the body of stories associated with a culture or institution or person

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

namesakenounUS /ˈneɪmseɪk/

a person with the same name as another

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

NemesisnounUS /ˈneməsɪs/

(Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

overtookverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

PagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

persecutingverbUS /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

persecutornounUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtər/

someone who torments

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

PERSECUTORSnounUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

retributionnounUS /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

smittenadjectiveUS /ˈsmɪtən/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

solitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading A still more dreadful doom befell the fierce persecutor, Galerius.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

TRIUMPHnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading FATE OF THE PERSECUTORS--TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY.

tyrantsnounUS /ˈtaɪrənts/

plural of “tyrant” — a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

Valeria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It remains only to trace briefly the fate of the unfortunate Empress Valeria--less happy than her lowly namesake, the martyr of the Catacombs--and the doom of the persecuting tyrants.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the violent and bloody deaths, often more terrible than those which they inflicted on the Christians, which overtook, with scarce an exception, these enemies of the Church of God, the early believers recognized a divine retribution no less inexorable than the avenging Nemesis of the Pagan mythology.[56]

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Diocletian, smitten by a mental malady, abandoned the throne of the world for the solitude of his palace on the Illyrian shores of the Adriatic, where tradition avers that he died by his own hand.

Chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 30 holds 143 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs take to read?

About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section

How to work through Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.