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Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)
Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.
It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.
And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.
This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.
The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.
Line 2
It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.
Line 3
And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.
Line 4
This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.
Line 5
The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.
/ðə aɪˈdiːə ˈdɑːrtɪd ˈɪntuː hɪz hed ðæt hiː wʊd siː ðɪs ˈwʌndərfəl ˌeksəˈbɪʃən ənd noʊ ˈsuːnər hæd hiː kənˈsiːvd ðə ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː ʌv ˈduːɪŋ soʊ ðæn hɪz dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən wɑːz fɪkst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arno noun US /ˈɑːrnoʊ/

a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea

From this reading “It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.”

Dante noun US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading “And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.”

diffused adjective US /dɪˈfjuːzd/

(of light rays) subjected to scattering by reflection from a rough surface or transmission through a translucent material

From this reading “_Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.”

Euthanasia noun US /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)

From this reading “_Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.”

exhibit verb US /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading “And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.”

herald verb US /ˈherəld/

foreshadow or presage

From this reading “It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.”

proclaimed adjective US /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading “It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.”

quay noun US /kiː/

wharf usually built parallel to the shoreline

From this reading “It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

arrived at verb + particle counted as “arrive at”

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “_Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.”

darted into verb + particle counted as “dart into”

In this reading “The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.”

in the streets preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

Adimari

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

Alighieri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

Ancona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

ArnonounUS /ˈɑːrnoʊ/

a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

Carraia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

Castruccio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

CharactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

DantenounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

dartedverbUS /ˈdɑːrtɪd/

past form of “dart” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

dei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

diffusedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfjuːzd/

(of light rays) subjected to scattering by reflection from a rough surface or transmission through a translucent material

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

EuthanasianounUS /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

exhibitverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

exhibitionnounUS /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

Frediano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

HellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

heraldverbUS /ˈherəld/

foreshadow or presage

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

proclaimedadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

quaynounUS /kiː/

wharf usually built parallel to the shoreline

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

repairnounUS /rɪˈper/

the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This account raised the curiosity, and fired the imagination of Castruccio.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The idea darted into his head that he would see this wonderful exhibition; and no sooner had he conceived the possibility of doing so, than his determination was fixed.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It had been proclaimed in the streets of the city, by a herald sent by the inhabitants of the quarter of San Frediano, that all who wished to have news from the other world, should repair on the first of May to the bridge of Carraia or to the quay of the Arno.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading And he added, that he believed that preparations were made to exhibit Hell, such as it had been described in a poem now writing by Dante Alighieri, a part of which had been read, and had given rise to the undertaking.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _Castruccio visits Florence.--Characters of Euthanasia dei Adimari and her father.--The father of Castruccio dies._ A traveller had arrived at Ancona from Florence, and had diffused the intelligence that a strange and tremendous spectacle would be exhibited there on the first of May of that year.

Chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 167 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 3 holds 167 sentences of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 167 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1587 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63337 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63337, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valperga Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Euthanasia's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Continued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.