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Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)
Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.
It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.
The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.
Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.
Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.
Line 2
It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.
Line 3
The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.
Line 4
Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.
Line 5
Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bologna noun US /bəˈloʊni/

the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy to the east of the Apennines

From this reading “_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.”

bourn noun US /bɔːrn/

an archaic term for a boundary

From this reading “Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.”

combinations noun US /ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “combination” — a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities

From this reading “The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.”

Ferrara noun US /fərˈɑːrə/

a city in northern Italy

From this reading “_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.”

festooned verb US /ˌfeˈstuːnd/

past form of “festoon” — decorate with strings of flowers

From this reading “The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.”

inundation noun US /ˌɪnənˈdeɪʃən/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading “The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.”

overflowed verb US /ˌoʊvərˈfloʊd/

past form of “overflow” — flow or run over (a limit or brim)

From this reading “The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.”

resides verb US /rɪˈzaɪdz/

third-person singular of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading “_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most favourable adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.”

passed through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.”

arrive at verb + particle

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “_Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.”

future events adjective + noun counted as “future event”

In this reading “Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.”

become more verb + adjective

In this reading “Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.”

rise from verb + particle

In this reading “Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.”

consists in verb + particle counted as “consist in”

In this reading “The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

Apenninesnoun

a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

arriveverbUS /ərˈaɪv/

reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

BolognanounUS /bəˈloʊni/

the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy to the east of the Apennines

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

boundedadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndəd/

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

bournnounUS /bɔːrn/

an archaic term for a boundary

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

Castruccio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

Castruccio's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

combinationsnounUS /ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “combination” — a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

conventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

declivitynoun

a downward slope or bend

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

Este

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

Euganean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

favourableadjective

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

FerraranounUS /fərˈɑːrə/

a city in northern Italy

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

festoonedverbUS /ˌfeˈstuːnd/

past form of “festoon” — decorate with strings of flowers

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

Guinigi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

inundationnounUS /ˌɪnənˈdeɪʃən/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

Lombardynoun

a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

overflowedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈfloʊd/

past form of “overflow” — flow or run over (a limit or brim)

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

overlookedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

PeasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

prospectsnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

refreshverbUS /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh one's memory

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

residesverbUS /rɪˈzaɪdz/

third-person singular of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

Rovigo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

stript

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

varyingadjectiveUS /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

vinesnounUS /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not the most favourable period for a visit to Lombardy.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The beauty of that country consists in its exquisite vegetation: its fields of waving corn, planted with rows of trees to which vines are festooned, form prospects, ever varying in their combinations, that delight and refresh the eye; but autumn had nearly stript the landscape, and the low lands were overflowed by the inundation of various rivers.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

wintryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading Castruccio's mind, fixed on the imagination of future events, found no amusement in the wintry scene; but he saw with delight the mountains that were the bourn of his journey, become more and more distinct.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

YearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _Francis Guinigi, the military Peasant.--Castruccio resides with him one Year._ Castruccio passed through Bologna, Ferrara and Rovigo, to arrive at Este.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Este is situated nearly at the foot of the Euganean hills, on a declivity overlooked by an extensive and picturesque castle, beyond which is a convent; the hills rise from behind, from whose heights you discover the vast plain of Lombardy, bounded to the west by the far Apennines of Bologna, and to the east by the sea and the towers of Venice.

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 124 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 124 sentences of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 124 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1587 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63337 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63337, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valperga Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valperga Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Euthanasia's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Continued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.