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Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)
Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.
But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.
The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.
Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.
"He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.
Line 2
But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.
Line 3
The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.
/ðə oʊld mæn wɑːz ɪl hiː hæd bɪn ˈdredfəli ˈædʒəteɪtɪd baɪ ðə siːnz ʌv ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ deɪz ənd hɪz helθ fɔːr ə waɪl sʌŋk ˈʌndər ɪt/
Line 4
Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.
Line 5
"He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Beatrice noun US /ˈbiːətrəs/

the woman who guided Dante through Paradise in the Divine Comedy

From this reading “_Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.”

dreadfully adverb US /ˈdredfəli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading “The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.”

expressive adjective US /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

inactive adjective US /ˌɪˈnæktɪv/

(chemistry) not participating in a chemical reaction; chemically inert

From this reading “_Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.”

nobles noun US /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading “But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.”

peacefully adverb US /ˈpiːsfəli/

in a peaceful manner

From this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

recovering adjective US /rəˈkʌvərɪŋ/

returning to health after illness or debility

From this reading “"He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.”

sovereignty noun US /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading “But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

expressive countenance adjective + noun

In this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

low voice adjective + noun

In this reading “"He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.”

blushed deeply verb + particle counted as “blush deeply”

In this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

old man adjective + noun

a man who is very old

In this reading “The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

preceding days adjective + noun

In this reading “The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.”

adopted child adjective + noun

In this reading “Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.”

busy scene verb + noun

In this reading “_Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

agitatedadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪd/

troubled emotionally and usually deeply

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

BeatricenounUS /ˈbiːətrəs/

the woman who guided Dante through Paradise in the Divine Comedy

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

bishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

blushedverbUS /blʌʃt/

past form of “blush” — turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

Castruccio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

Castruccio's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

couchnounUS /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

dreadfullyadverbUS /ˈdredfəli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

enquiries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

FallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

fevernounUS /ˈfiːvər/

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

hastenedverbUS /ˈheɪsənd/

past form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

inactiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnæktɪv/

(chemistry) not participating in a chemical reaction; chemically inert

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

Obizzo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

painfullyadverbUS /ˈpeɪnfəli/

unpleasantly

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

partakernoun

someone who has or gives or receives a part or a share

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

peacefullyadverbUS /ˈpiːsfəli/

in a peaceful manner

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

recoveringadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərɪŋ/

returning to health after illness or debility

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Fall of Beatrice._ Castruccio was no inactive partaker in this busy scene.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading "He is not very ill," she said in a low voice, in answer to Castruccio's enquiries; "the fever has left him entirely; he is weak, but recovering.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Castruccio was introduced into his chamber, where he lay peacefully sleeping on a magnificent couch, his adopted child, the lovely Beatrice, watching before him, who, when she beheld Castruccio, blushed deeply, while, in spite of every effort, a smile of delight spread itself over her expressive countenance.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The old man was ill: he had been dreadfully agitated by the scenes of the preceding days, and his health for a while sunk under it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But, after the combat was finished, and he perceived that Obizzo was engaged in acts of peaceful sovereignty alone, he hastened to the palace of the bishop; for he was painfully surprised in not seeing him among the nobles who waited on the prince.

Chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 150 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 150 sentences of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 150 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1590 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63338 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63338, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valperga Volume 2 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conference
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Castruccio
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Galeazzo
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visconti--of
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.