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Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)
Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.
He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.
He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.
His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.
He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.
Line 2
He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.
/hiː noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər ˈverid ˈiːðər ɪn ðə end wɪtʃ hiː dɪˈzaɪərd tuː əˈteɪn ɔːr ðə miːnz baɪ wɪtʃ hiː riˈzɑːlvd tuː əˈkɑːmplɪʃ ɪt/
Line 3
He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.
/hiː θɔːt ˈkuːli ɑːn ðə ˈɑːbstəkəlz ɪn hɪz weɪ ənd hiː riˈzɑːlvd tuː riˈmuːv ðem/
Line 4
His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.
Line 5
He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conqueror noun US /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading “His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.”

deprive verb US /dɪˈpraɪv/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading “He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.”

Euthanasia noun US /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)

From this reading “He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.”

exiles noun US /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading “_Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.”

furtherance noun US /ˈfɜːrθərəns/

encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

From this reading “His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.”

messengers noun US /ˈmesəndʒərz/

plural of “messenger” — a person who carries a message

From this reading “He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.”

obstacles noun US /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading “He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.”

Tuscany noun US /ˈtʌskəni/

a region in central Italy

From this reading “His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three hundred noun + noun

being one hundred more than two hundred

In this reading “_Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.”

native town adjective + noun

In this reading “His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.”

own mind verb + noun

In this reading “_Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.”

break out verb + adjective

start abruptly

In this reading “He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

accomplishverbUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃ/

put in effect

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

Castruccio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

CharacternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

coollyadverbUS /ˈkuːli/

in a composed and unconcerned manner

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

countverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

depriveverbUS /dɪˈpraɪv/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

enslaving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

EuthanasianounUS /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

exilesnounUS /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

FamiliesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

furtherancenounUS /ˈfɜːrθərəns/

encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

instantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

Lucca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

Lucchese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

messengersnounUS /ˈmesəndʒərz/

plural of “messenger” — a person who carries a message

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

TuscanynounUS /ˈtʌskəni/

a region in central Italy

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

usurpernoun

one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

Valperga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

VisitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading _Castruccio exiles three hundred Families from Lucca--Visits at Valperga--His Character further developed._ During his absence Castruccio had reduced in his own mind his various political plans to a system.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He thought coolly on the obstacles in his way; and he resolved to remove them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He no longer varied either in the end which he desired to attain, or the means by which he resolved to accomplish it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His end was the conquest of Tuscany; his means, the enslaving of his native town; and, with the true disposition of a conqueror and an usurper, he began to count heads to be removed, and hands to be used, in the furtherance of his designs.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He had no sooner returned to Florence, than messengers brought him intelligence of a plot, which would speedily break out in Lucca to deprive him of his government; and this information, joined to the departure of Euthanasia, determined him instantly to return to the Lucchese territory.

Chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 187 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 7 holds 187 sentences of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 187 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1590 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63338 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63338, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valperga Volume 2 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valperga Volume 2 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conference
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Castruccio
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Galeazzo
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visconti--of
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valperga Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.