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Vandrad the Viking
Vandrad the Viking

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.
The story must now come back to Norway.
Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.
There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.
Gradually strange rumours began to spread.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vandrad the Viking

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.
/ðə ˈmesədʒ ʌv ðə ruːnz/
Line 2
The story must now come back to Norway.
/ðə ˈstɔːri mʌst naʊ kʌm bæk tuː ˈnɔːrweɪ/
Line 3
Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.
Line 4
There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.
/ðer siːmd noʊ ˈriːzən waɪ ðə ˈhɪroʊ ʌv ðiːz leɪz ʃʊd ʃrɪŋk frʌm ˈtɔːkɪŋ ʌv hɪz ˌekspəˈdɪʃən ənd əˈvɔɪd soʊ fɑːr æz hiː kʊd ðə ˈkʌmpəniː ʌv men/
Line 5
Gradually strange rumours began to spread.
/ˈɡrædʒuːəli streɪndʒ ˈruːmərz bɪˈɡæn tuː spred/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

captives noun US /ˈkæptɪvz/

plural of “captive” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading “Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.”

fewer adjective US /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading “Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.”

lays noun US /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading “There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.”

lengthy adjective US /ˈleŋθi/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading “Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.”

Norway noun US /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading “The story must now come back to Norway.”

renown noun US /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading “Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.”

rumours noun US /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading “Gradually strange rumours began to spread.”

runes noun US /ruːnz/

plural of “rune” — any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages

From this reading “THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Gradually strange rumours began to spread.

captivesnounUS /ˈkæptɪvz/

plural of “captive” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

Estein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

feweradjectiveUS /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

GraduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Gradually strange rumours began to spread.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

holm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

laysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

lengthyadjectiveUS /ˈleŋθi/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

Liot's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

MESSAGEnounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

NorwaynounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

renownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

rumoursnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading Gradually strange rumours began to spread.

RUNESnounUS /ruːnz/

plural of “rune” — any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages

From this reading THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

shrinkverbUS /ʃrɪŋk/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

skalds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

spoilverbUS /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Gradually strange rumours began to spread.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Gradually strange rumours began to spread.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MESSAGE OF THE RUNES.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The story must now come back to Norway.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading There seemed no reason why the hero of these lays should shrink from talking of his expedition, and avoid, so far as he could, the company of men.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Though Estein had returned with neither spoil nor captives, the tale of Liot's capture and the combat on the holm added much to his renown, and no fewer than six skalds composed lengthy poems on the adventure.

Chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking by J. Storer (Joseph Storer) Clouston holds 186 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking contain?

Chapter 8 holds 186 sentences of Vandrad the Viking, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking by J. Storer (Joseph Storer) Clouston exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 186 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Vandrad the Viking?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vandrad the Viking

Common questions about reading Vandrad the Viking by J. Storer (Joseph Storer) Clouston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vandrad the Viking?

Yes. All 2318 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5120 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vandrad the Viking is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5120, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vandrad the Viking take to read?

About 193 minutes of reading across 464 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vandrad the Viking section by section

How to work through Vandrad the Viking section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Vandrad the Viking to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Vandrad the Viking

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vandrad the Viking, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bairn-slayers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vandrad the Viking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Earliest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vandrad the Viking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strained
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vandrad the Viking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vandrad the Viking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.