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Vaninka Celebrated Crimes
Vaninka Celebrated Crimes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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_From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.
The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.
One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.
Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.
This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vaninka Celebrated Crimes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.
Line 2
The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.
Line 3
One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.
/wʌn ʌv ðə ˈdʒenərəlz sɜːrfs hiː huː ˈæktɪd æz ˈbɑːrbər wɑːz tuː biː ðə ˈvɪktəm/
Line 4
Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.
Line 5
This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

administered verb US /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading “Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.”

administering verb US /ædˈmɪnɪstɜːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading “The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.”

general's noun US /ˈdʒenərəlz/

possessive form of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading “One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.”

nineteenth adjective US /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading “_From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.”

overlooks noun US /ˈoʊvərlʊks/

plural of “overlook” — a high place affording a good view

From this reading “_From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.”

passers-by noun US /ˈpæsərzbaɪ/

plural of “passer-by” — a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading “Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.”

ramparts noun US /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “_From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.”

serfs noun US /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading “One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

administeredverbUS /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

administeringverbUS /ædˈmɪnɪstɜːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

barbernounUS /ˈbɑːrbər/

United States composer (1910-1981)

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

CelebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

courtyardnounUS /ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd/

An unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by the walls of a house.

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

CrimesnounUS /kraɪmz/

plural of “crime” — (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

EightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

fair-sized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

general'snounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

possessive form of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

gildedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪldɪd/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

knoutnoun

a whip with a lash of leather thongs twisted with wire; used for flogging prisoners

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

occurrencenounUS /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

overlooksnounUS /ˈoʊvərlʊks/

plural of “overlook” — a high place affording a good view

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

passers-bynounUS /ˈpæsərzbaɪ/

plural of “passer-by” — a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

publiclyadverbUS /ˈpʌblɪkli/

in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; openly

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

Pultava

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

serfsnounUS /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

soundingadjectiveUS /ˈsaʊndɪŋ/

appearing to be as specified; usually used as combining forms

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

spectatorsnounUS /ˈspekteɪtərz/

plural of “spectator” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

Tchermayloff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

Tchermayloff's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was the occurrence which had caused a crowd, as just mentioned, before General Tchermayloff's house.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

tortureverbUS /ˈtɔːrtʃər/

torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

vanenounUS /veɪn/

mechanical device attached to an elevated structure; rotates freely to show the direction of the wind

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

victimnounUS /ˈvɪktəm/

an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

VolumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Although this kind of punishment was a common enough sight in St. Petersburg, it nevertheless attracted all passers-by when it was publicly administered.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One of the general's serfs, he who acted as barber, was to be the victim.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first spectators had been attracted by the preparations which they saw had been made in the middle of the courtyard for administering torture with the knout.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _From the set of Eight Volumes of "Celebrated Crimes"_ About the end of the reign of the Emperor Paul I--that is to say, towards the middle of the first year of the nineteenth century--just as four o'clock in the afternoon was sounding from the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, whose gilded vane overlooks the ramparts of the fortress, a crowd, composed of all sorts and conditions of people, began to gather in front of a house which belonged to General Count Tchermayloff, formerly military governor of a fair-sized town in the government of Pultava.

Chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes by Alexandre Dumas holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes contain?

Chapter 1 holds 160 sentences of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes by Alexandre Dumas exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vaninka Celebrated Crimes

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Is this the complete text of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes?

Yes. All 956 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2757 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2757, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vaninka Celebrated Crimes take to read?

About 79 minutes of reading across 192 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Vaninka Celebrated Crimes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Vaninka Celebrated Crimes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vaninka Celebrated Crimes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Celebrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crimes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vaninka Celebrated Crimes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.