Vashti

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Vashti is here in full — 11 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans • Curated US English Learning Edition

English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5

Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by MRS.

AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

_Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

Narrator

Speed 0.75x

AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English

LEARNER DICTIONARY

Archivist

/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/

Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chapter I Reading 1/2

Vashti Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans

Chapter I

Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Vashti is here in full — 11 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been." Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by MRS. AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C. _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

Vashti

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Vashti is here in full — 11 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1

Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

Line 2

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Line 3

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by MRS.

Line 4

AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

Line 5

_Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augusta noun US /əˈɡʌstə/

the capital of the state of Maine

From this reading “AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.”

Clerk's noun US /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.”

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

dedicate verb US /ˈdedəkeɪt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading “_Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.”

evans noun US /ˈevənz/

United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)

From this reading “AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.”

Librarian noun US /laɪˈbreriːən/

a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services

From this reading “AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.”

reverently adverb US /ˈrevərəntli/

with reverence; in a reverent manner

From this reading “_Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.”

wilson noun US /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading “AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Act of verb + particle

In this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.”

in the year preposition + article + noun counted as “in … year”

In the office preposition + article + noun counted as “in … office”

In this reading “AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1869

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

1897

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by MRS.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

AUGUSTAnounUS /əˈɡʌstə/

the capital of the state of Maine

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

Beulah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

BOOKnounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

CARLETON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Clerk'snounUS /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

DEDICATEverbUS /ˈdedəkeɪt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Elmo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

EnteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

EVANSnounUS /ˈevənz/

United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

Inez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

Infelice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

LibrariannounUS /laɪˈbreriːən/

a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

Macaria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

MRSnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by MRS.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

REVERENTLYadverbUS /ˈrevərəntli/

with reverence; in a reverent manner

From this reading _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Vashti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Vashti._ I REVERENTLY DEDICATE THIS BOOK.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Author of "Beulah," "Macaria," "Infelice," "St. Elmo," "Inez," etc., etc., "There is nothing a man knows, in grief or in sin half so bitter as to think, what I might have been."

WILSONnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading AUGUSTA J. EVANS WILSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1869, by GEORGE W. CARLETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Chapter 1 of Vashti by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans holds 11 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Vashti contain?

Chapter 1 holds 11 sentences of Vashti, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Vashti by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 11 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Vashti?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vashti

Common questions about reading Vashti by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vashti?

Yes. All 6667 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31620 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vashti is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31620, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vashti take to read?

About 555 minutes of reading across 1334 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vashti section by section

How to work through Vashti section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

Open a chapter

Choose one of the 35 chapters of Vashti to begin.
Read one section

Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Listen and tap

Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Vashti

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vashti, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vashti; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beulah: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vashti; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaria: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vashti; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Infelice: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vashti; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.

Chapter I · Chapter 1

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Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Questions about reading Vashti

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Vocabulary met early in Vashti