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Vassall Morton: A Novel
Vassall Morton: A Novel

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.
The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.
The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.
His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.
When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vassall Morton: A Novel

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.
Line 2
The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.
/ðə ˈrekwəzəts ʌv ə səkˈsesfəl ˈvɪlən ɑːr ˈmænəfoʊld/
Line 3
The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.
Line 4
His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.
/hɪz maɪnd wɑːz ə ɡʊd ˈlevər wɪð ə ˈfiːbəl ˈfʊlkrəm ə ɡʌn ˈmaʊntəd ɑːn ə ˈtɑːtərɪŋ ˈræmpɑːrt/
Line 5
When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fulcrum noun US /ˈfʊlkrəm/

the pivot about which a lever turns

From this reading “His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.”

Iago noun US /iˈɑːɡoʊ/

the villain in William Shakespeare's tragedy who tricked Othello into murdering his wife

From this reading “The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.”

organism noun US /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/

a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

From this reading “When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.”

perturbations noun US /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃənz/

plural of “perturbation” — an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading “When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.”

requisites noun US /ˈrekwəzəts/

plural of “requisite” — anything indispensable

From this reading “The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.”

stoicism noun US /ˈstoʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

An ancient Greek and Roman philosophy holding that virtue is the only true good, and that emotional self-control leads to inner serenity.

From this reading “When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.”

toughened adjective US /ˈtʌfənd/

physically toughened

From this reading “The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.”

tutored verb US /ˈtuːtərd/

past form of “tutor” — be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction

From this reading “The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ready wit adjective + noun

In this reading “The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

chordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a straight line connecting two points on a curve

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

copeverbUS /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

emotionnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃən/

any strong feeling

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

fibrenounUS /ˈfaɪbər/

a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

fine-strung

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

fulcrumnounUS /ˈfʊlkrəm/

the pivot about which a lever turns

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

gunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

IagonounUS /iˈɑːɡoʊ/

the villain in William Shakespeare's tragedy who tricked Othello into murdering his wife

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

kindlingnounUS /ˈkɪndlɪŋ/

material for starting a fire

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

levernounUS /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

MacbethnounUS /məkˈbeθ/

king of Scotland (died in 1057)

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

manifoldnounUS /ˈmænəfoʊld/

a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

miserablyadverbUS /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

needfuladjectiveUS /ˈniːdfəl/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

organismnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/

a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

perturbationsnounUS /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃənz/

plural of “perturbation” — an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

quivers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

rampartnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrt/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

reasonableadjectiveUS /ˈriːzənəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

requisitenounUS /ˈrekwəzət/

anything indispensable

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

requisitesnounUS /ˈrekwəzəts/

plural of “requisite” — anything indispensable

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

resourcenounUS /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

sagenounUS /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

stoicismnounUS /ˈstoʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

An ancient Greek and Roman philosophy holding that virtue is the only true good, and that emotional self-control leads to inner serenity.

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

ThingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.--_Macbeth_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

totteringadjectiveUS /ˈtɑːtərɪŋ/

unsteady in gait as from infirmity or old age

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

touchesnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

toughenedadjectiveUS /ˈtʌfənd/

physically toughened

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

tutoredverbUS /ˈtuːtərd/

past form of “tutor” — be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

villainnounUS /ˈvɪlən/

a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

From this reading The requisites of a successful villain are manifold.

Vinal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When every breath of emotion that touches the fine-strung organism quivers along the electric chord to the brain, kindling there strange perturbations, then philosophy must lower her tone, and stoicism itself must soon confess that its only resource is to avoid the enemy with whom it cannot cope.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His mind was a good lever with a feeble fulcrum; a gun mounted on a tottering rampart.

workingsnounUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading The toughened conscience, the ready wit, the sage experience, the mind tutored, like Iago, in all qualities of human dealing,--all these, in some reasonable measure, Vinal had; but he miserably lacked the vulgar, but no less needful requisite of a sound bodily fibre to support the workings of his brain.

Chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel by Francis Parkman holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel contain?

Chapter 19 holds 116 sentences of Vassall Morton: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel by Francis Parkman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Vassall Morton: A Novel?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vassall Morton: A Novel

Common questions about reading Vassall Morton: A Novel by Francis Parkman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vassall Morton: A Novel?

Yes. All 5800 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39768 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vassall Morton: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39768, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vassall Morton: A Novel take to read?

About 483 minutes of reading across 1160 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Vassall Morton: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vassall Morton: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vassall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vassall Morton: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vassall Morton: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vassall Morton: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vassall Morton: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.