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Vayenne
Vayenne

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Vayenne is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.
The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.
It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.
Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.
More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vayenne

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Vayenne is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.
Line 2
The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.
Line 3
It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.
Line 4
Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.
Line 5
More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.
/mɔːr ənd mɔːr ðə ˈfæməli hæd lɪvd ə rɪˈtaɪrd laɪf ənd ðə læst tuː hedz ʌv ɪt hæd bɪn kənˈfɜːrmd ˈɪnvələdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battlements noun US /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading “The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.”

crumbled verb US /ˈkrʌmbəld/

past form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading “The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.”

Dukes noun US /duːks/

plural of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.”

favors noun US /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favor” — an act of gracious kindness

From this reading “Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.”

invalids noun US /ˈɪnvələdz/

plural of “invalid” — someone who is incapacitated by a chronic illness or injury

From this reading “More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.”

nestling noun US /ˈnestlɪŋ/

young bird not yet fledged

From this reading “THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.”

petitions noun US /pəˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “petition” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading “It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.”

vigilant adjective US /ˈvɪdʒələnt/

carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger

From this reading “The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

outer wall adjective + noun

In this reading “The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.”

recent years adjective + noun

In this reading “It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.”

too proud adverb + adjective

In this reading “It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.”

three centuries noun + noun counted as “three century”

In this reading “It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.”

well protected adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.”

good service adjective + noun

In this reading “It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.”

past times noun + noun

the time that has elapsed

In this reading “THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.”

retired life adjective + noun

In this reading “More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

ancestornounUS /ˈænsestər/

someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

battlementsnounUS /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

chateaunounUS /ʃæˈtoʊ/

an impressive country house (or castle) in France

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

crumbledverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəld/

past form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

DukesnounUS /duːks/

plural of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

Dupres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

favorsnounUS /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favor” — an act of gracious kindness

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

guard-rooms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

invalidsnounUS /ˈɪnvələdz/

plural of “invalid” — someone who is incapacitated by a chronic illness or injury

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

Montvilliers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

nestlingnounUS /ˈnestlɪŋ/

young bird not yet fledged

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

Passey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

petitionsnounUS /pəˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “petition” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

SCHOLARnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

serving-men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

stoutadjectiveUS /staʊt/

dependable

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Nothing is easier to forget than past service if there is no present need of favors, and the Dukes of Montvilliers had practically forgotten their once powerful subject of Passey.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading More and more the family had lived a retired life, and the last two heads of it had been confirmed invalids.

Vayenne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

vigilantadjectiveUS /ˈvɪdʒələnt/

carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

wardnounUS /wɔːrd/

a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading THE SCHOLAR The village of Passey, nestling in the shadow of its chateau, looked secure, had indeed been well protected in past times, but to-day little real resistance could have been offered to a determined enemy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The outer wall of the chateau had crumbled and fallen in pieces, no vigilant eyes kept ward and watch from its battlements, and the serving-men in its old guard-rooms and courts were not of the kind out of which stout soldiers are made.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It had been in the hands of the Dupres for three centuries or more, given originally to an ancestor in return for good service, for the family had bred many a gallant warrior in the past; but in recent years misfortune and poverty had come, and the Dupres were too proud to make petitions in the Castle of Vayenne.

Chapter 5 of Vayenne by Percy James Brebner holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Vayenne contain?

Chapter 5 holds 197 sentences of Vayenne, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Vayenne by Percy James Brebner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Vayenne?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vayenne

Common questions about reading Vayenne by Percy James Brebner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vayenne?

Yes. All 6143 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39652 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vayenne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39652, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vayenne take to read?

About 511 minutes of reading across 1229 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vayenne section by section

How to work through Vayenne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Vayenne to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Vayenne

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vayenne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Straight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vayenne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hedge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vayenne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ditch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vayenne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Separating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vayenne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.