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Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade
Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.
In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.
From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.
Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.
The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.
/ðə sʌn wɑːz ˈsetɪŋ ɑːn ðə fɪfθ deɪ ʌv meɪ ɪn ðə jɪr ʌv ˈaʊər lɔːrdz ɡreɪs ɪˈlevən ˈhʌndrəd ənd ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/
Line 2
In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.
Line 3
From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.
/frʌm ðə laɪn wer ðə ˈflaʊərz ˈendəd spaɪkt ˈrʌʃəz ɡruː ɪn ʃɑːrp dɪˈsɔːrdər tuː ðə edʒ ʌv ðə diːp ɡriːn ˈwɔːtər ɪn ðə moʊt/
Line 4
Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.
Line 5
The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

budding noun US /ˈbʌdɪŋ/

reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent

From this reading “In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.”

forty-five noun US /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading “The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.”

masonry noun US /ˈmeɪsənri/

structure built of stone or brick by a mason

From this reading “In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.”

moat noun US /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading “In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.”

spiked adjective US /spaɪkt/

having a long sharp point

From this reading “From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.”

Stoke verb US /stoʊk/

stir up or tend; of a fire

From this reading “In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.”

sward noun US /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.”

tilth noun US /tɪlθ/

the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth

From this reading “Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

alternatelyadverbUS /ˈɔːltərnətli/

in an alternating sequence or position

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

borderedadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

buddingnounUS /ˈbʌdɪŋ/

reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

close-cropped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

corn-land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

elevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

flower-bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

foliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

forty-fivenounUS /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

herbsnounUS /ɜːrbz/

plural of “herb” — a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

Lord'snounUS /lɔːrdz/

possessive form of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

manornounUS /ˈmænər/

the mansion of a lord or wealthy person

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

masonrynounUS /ˈmeɪsənri/

structure built of stone or brick by a mason

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

meadow-land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

moatnounUS /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

pasturenounUS /ˈpæstʃər/

a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

reddenedadjective

(especially of the face) reddened or suffused with or as if with blood from emotion or exertion

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

Regis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

rushesnounUS /ˈrʌʃəz/

plural of “rush” — the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

shadowyadjectiveUS /ˈʃædoʊi/

filled with shade

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

softnessnounUS /ˈsɔːftnəs/

the property of giving little resistance to pressure and being easily cut or molded

From this reading The sun was setting, and the level rays reddened the lady's golden hair, and fired the softness of her clear blue eyes.

spikedadjectiveUS /spaɪkt/

having a long sharp point

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

squaresnounUS /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

StokeverbUS /stoʊk/

stir up or tend; of a fire

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

tilthnounUS /tɪlθ/

the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

violetsnounUS /ˈvaɪələts/

plural of “violet” — any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading Beyond the water stretched the close-cropped sward; then came great oak trees, shadowy still in their spring foliage; and then, corn-land and meadow-land, in long, green waves of rising tilth and pasture, as far as a man could see.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading From the line where the flowers ended, spiked rushes grew in sharp disorder to the edge of the deep green water in the moat.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the little garden between the outer wall of the manor and the moat of Stoke Regis Manor, a lady slowly walked along the narrow path between high rose bushes trained upon the masonry, and a low flower-bed, divided into many little squares, planted alternately with flowers and sweet herbs on one side, and bordered with budding violets on the other.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The sun was setting on the fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord's grace eleven hundred and forty-five.

Chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade contain?

Chapter 1 holds 113 sentences of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Common questions about reading Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade?

Yes. All 4016 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6350, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade take to read?

About 334 minutes of reading across 804 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade section by section

How to work through Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Words and structures a reader meets early in Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Setting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lord's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.