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Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade
Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
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In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.
After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.
But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.
Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.
So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.
Line 2
After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.
Line 3
But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.
/bʌt ˈɡɪlbərt led ðə væn ənd held ðə hoʊl ˈpɪlɡrəmədʒ təˈɡeðər kəˈmændɪŋ wer ðə kæmp ʃʊd biː iːtʃ naɪt ənd ˈɔːrdərɪŋ ðə mɑːrtʃ/
Line 4
Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.
/men ˈwʌndərd æt hɪz ˈwɪzdəm ənd æt hɪz streŋkθ tuː enˈdjʊr ˈhɑːrdʃɪp fɔːr ɔːl wɜːr ˈveri ˈtaɪərd ənd prəˈvɪʒən wɑːz skers ənd ðə ɡriːk hɪl ˈpiːpəl soʊld æt ə ˈtenfoʊld ˈvæljuː ðə ˈlɪtəl ðeɪ hæd tuː sel soʊ ðæt ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz daɪnd nɑːt ˈevəri deɪ ənd ə dɪʃ ʌv bɔɪld ɡoʊts fleʃ wɑːz ə fiːst/
Line 5
So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.
/soʊ ðə ˈpɪlɡrəmədʒ went ɑːn ɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd ˈsʌfərɪŋ ənd æz taɪm pæst ðə ˈpiːpəl wɜːr ðə mɔːr ɪn ˈɜːrnɪst wɪð ðemˈselvz ənd wɪð wʌn əˈnʌðər ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔːrwərd tuː ðə ˈprɑːməst fərˈɡɪvnəs ʌv sɪnz wen ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv əˈkɑːmplɪʃt ðer vaʊz ɪn ðə ˈhoʊli ˈpleɪsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Crusaders noun US /kruːˈseɪdərz/

plural of “crusader” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading “In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.”

goat's noun US /ɡoʊts/

possessive form of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading “Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.”

hardship noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.”

historians noun US /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.”

ordering noun US /ˈɔːrdərɪŋ/

logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements

From this reading “But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.”

Syria noun US /ˈsɪriə/

an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization

From this reading “In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.”

tenfold adverb US /ˈtenfoʊld/

by ten times as much

From this reading “Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

boiledadjectiveUS /bɔɪld/

cooked in hot water

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

bravelyadverbUS /ˈbreɪvli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

commandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

CrusadersnounUS /kruːˈseɪdərz/

plural of “crusader” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

dinedverbUS /daɪnd/

past form of “dine” — have supper; eat dinner

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

disappearverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

dishnounUS /dɪʃ/

a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

forgivenessnounUS /fərˈɡɪvnəs/

compassionate feelings that support a willingness to forgive

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

goat'snounUS /ɡoʊts/

possessive form of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

hardshipnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

historiansnounUS /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

orderingnounUS /ˈɔːrdərɪŋ/

logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

pilgrimagenounUS /ˈpɪlɡrəmədʒ/

a journey to a sacred place

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

retreatednounUS /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

Seljuks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

sinsnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

storm-clouds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

SyrianounUS /ˈsɪriə/

an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

tenfoldadverbUS /ˈtenfoʊld/

by ten times as much

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading After the great battle in the valley there was much fighting still to be done, day by day; for the Seljuks retreated foot by foot, filling the mountains and sweeping down like storm-clouds, to disappear as quickly, leaving blood behind them.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

vannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

vowsnounUS /vaʊz/

plural of “vow” — a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading But Gilbert led the van, and held the whole pilgrimage together, commanding where the camp should be each night, and ordering the march.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In this way it came about that Gilbert, of whom the historians say that nothing else is known, was placed in command of the whole army of Crusaders, to lead them through the enemy's country down into Syria; and so he did, well and bravely.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So the pilgrimage went on in fighting and suffering, and as time passed the people were the more in earnest with themselves and with one another, looking forward to the promised forgiveness of sins when they should have accomplished their vows in the holy places.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading Men wondered at his wisdom, and at his strength to endure hardship; for all were very tired, and provision was scarce, and the Greek hill people sold at a tenfold value the little they had to sell, so that the soldiers dined not every day, and a dish of boiled goat's flesh was a feast.

Chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 219 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade contain?

Chapter 23 holds 219 sentences of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 219 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Common questions about reading Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4016 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6350, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 334 minutes of reading across 804 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade section by section

How to work through Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade

Words and structures a reader meets early in Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Setting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lord's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Via Crucis: A Romance of the Second Crusade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.