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Victorian Short Stories
Victorian Short Stories

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.
He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.
He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.
At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.
The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Victorian Short Stories

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.
Line 2
He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.
Line 3
He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.
/hiː ˈræðər ˌenˈdʒɔɪd ðə tʃeɪndʒ ˈhævɪŋ ə kaɪnd ʌv ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti əˈbaʊt ˈlʌndən wɪtʃ hiː hæd ˈnevər jet bɪn ˈeɪbəl tuː ˈɡrætəfaɪ ɪn hɪz briːf ˈvɪzɪts tuː ðə məˈtrɑːpələs/
Line 4
At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.
/æt ðə seɪm taɪm hiː hæd æn ɑːd ʃruːd kənˈtempt fɔːr ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts huːm hiː ˈɔːlweɪz ˈpɪktʃərd tuː hɪmˈself æz faɪn ˈleɪzi ˈpiːpəl ˈkerɪŋ ˈnʌθɪŋ bʌt fɔːr ˈfæʃən ənd ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi ənd ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ əˈweɪ ðer deɪz ɪn bɑːnd striːt ənd sʌtʃ ˈpleɪsəz ˈruːɪnɪŋ ɡʊd ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ənd ˈredi ɪn ðer tɜːrn tuː dɪˈspaɪz hɪm æz ə prəˈvɪnʃəl/
Line 5
The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.
/ðə ˈaʊərz ðæt ðə men ʌv ˈbɪznəs kept ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ˈskændəlaɪzd hɪm tuː əˈkʌstəmd æz hiː wɑːz tuː ðə ˈɜːrli ˈdɪnərz ʌv ˈmæntʃestər foʊk ənd ðə ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli fɑːr ˈlɔːŋɡər ˈiːvnɪŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Lancashire noun US /ˈlæŋkəʃaɪr/

a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles

From this reading “He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.”

lounging verb US /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading “At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.”

Manchester noun US /ˈmæntʃestər/

largest city in New Hampshire; located in southeastern New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading “Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.”

manufacturing noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading “He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.”

ruining noun US /ˈruːɪnɪŋ/

destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

From this reading “At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.”

salesman noun US /ˈseɪlzmən/

a man salesperson

From this reading “He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.”

scandalized verb US /ˈskændəlaɪzd/

past form of “scandalize” — strike with disgust or revulsion

From this reading “The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.”

warehouse noun US /ˈwerhaʊs/

a storehouse for goods and merchandise

From this reading “He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

BondnounUS /bɑːnd/

an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

caringnounUS /ˈkerɪŋ/

a loving feeling

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

dinnersnounUS /ˈdɪnərz/

plural of “dinner” — the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

eveningsnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

plural of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

gratifyverbUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪ/

make happy or satisfied

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

LancashirenounUS /ˈlæŋkəʃaɪr/

a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

lazyadjectiveUS /ˈleɪzi/

moving slowly and gently

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

loungingverbUS /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

ManchesternounUS /ˈmæntʃestər/

largest city in New Hampshire; located in southeastern New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

manufacturingnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

metropolisnounUS /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

Openshaw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

picturedadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərd/

seen in the mind as a mental image

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

provincialadjectiveUS /prəˈvɪnʃəl/

of or associated with a province

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

ruiningnounUS /ˈruːɪnɪŋ/

destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

salesmannounUS /ˈseɪlzmən/

a man salesperson

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

scandalizedverbUS /ˈskændəlaɪzd/

past form of “scandalize” — strike with disgust or revulsion

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

settleverbUS /ˈsetəl/

settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

superintendverb

watch and direct

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mr and Mrs Openshaw came from Manchester to settle in London.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The hours that the men of business kept in the city scandalized him too, accustomed as he was to the early dinners of Manchester folk and the consequently far longer evenings.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

warehousenounUS /ˈwerhaʊs/

a storehouse for goods and merchandise

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He had been, what is called in Lancashire, a salesman for a large manufacturing firm, who were extending their business, and opening a warehouse in the city; where Mr Openshaw was now to superintend their affairs.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At the same time, he had an odd, shrewd contempt for the inhabitants, whom he always pictured to himself as fine, lazy people, caring nothing but for fashion and aristocracy, and lounging away their days in Bond Street, and such places; ruining good English, and ready in their turn to despise him as a provincial.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He rather enjoyed the change; having a kind of curiosity about London, which he had never yet been able to gratify in his brief visits to the metropolis.

Chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories by Elizabeth Cleghorn [Contributor] Gaskell holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories contain?

Chapter 1 holds 402 sentences of Victorian Short Stories, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories by Elizabeth Cleghorn [Contributor] Gaskell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Victorian Short Stories?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Victorian Short Stories

Common questions about reading Victorian Short Stories by Elizabeth Cleghorn [Contributor] Gaskell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Victorian Short Stories?

Yes. All 2026 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15252 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Victorian Short Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15252, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Victorian Short Stories take to read?

About 168 minutes of reading across 406 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Victorian Short Stories section by section

How to work through Victorian Short Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Victorian Short Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Victorian Short Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in Victorian Short Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Openshaw
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Victorian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manchester
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Victorian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Settle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Victorian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Victorian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.