Chapter II · Chapter 2

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

the action of accomplishing something

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

Greek tragedian; the father of Greek tragic drama (525-456 BC)

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

equally

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

someone with the power to settle matters at will

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

the two together, not just one

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

plural of “cadence” — (prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading HUGO His Critics.

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

argue with one another

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

deeply religious

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

plural of “dissident” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

beyond normal limits

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

something acquired without compensation

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

plural of “heretic” — a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading HUGO His Critics.

French poet and novelist and dramatist; leader of the romantic movement in France (1802-1885)

From this reading HUGO His Critics.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

expressing deep emotion

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

a form of address for a man

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

and nothing more

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

of or pertaining to or characteristic of Judaism

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

any competition

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

not often

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

cut down on; make a reduction in

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a general conscious awareness

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

a short musical composition with words

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

English poet (1837-1909)

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

in or at that place or location

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The debate is one in which the only possible arbiter is Time; and to Time the final judgment may be committed.

which person or people

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.

in the company of; together with

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

the words that are spoken

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading To others he was but a great master of words and cadences, with a gift of lyric utterance and inspiration rarely surpassed but with a personality so vigorous and excessive as to reduce its literary expression--in epic, drama, fiction, satire and ode and song--to the level of work essentially subjective, in sentiment as in form, in intention as in effect.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To many Hugo was of the race of AEschylus and Shakespeare, a world-poet in the sense that Dante was, an artist supreme alike in genius and in accomplishment.

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading What is certain is that there is one point on which both dissidents and devout--the heretics who deny with Matthew Arnold and the orthodox who worship with Mr. Swinburne and M. de Banville--are absolutely agreed.