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Vine and Olive
Vine and Olive

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Vine and Olive is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SIGHTS IN MADRID.
After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.
The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.
Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.
In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vine and Olive

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Vine and Olive is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SIGHTS IN MADRID.
/saɪts ɪn məˈdrɪd/
Line 2
After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.
Line 3
The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.
/ðə ˈsɪti wɑːz ɪn eɡˈzɪstəns ɪn ðə tenθ ˈsentʃəri bʌt wɑːz nɑːt ʌv mʌtʃ əˈkaʊnt tɪl ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ wen tʃɑːrlz viː tʊk ʌp hɪz ˈrezɪdəns hiːr/
Line 4
Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.
/təˈliːdoʊ wɑːz æt ðæt taɪm ðə ˈkæpətəl æz əˈbaʊt ˈevəri ˈprɑːmənənt ˈsɪti ʌv speɪn hæd bɪn bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 5
In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

madrid noun US /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading “SIGHTS IN MADRID.”

prominent adjective US /ˈprɑːmənənt/

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

From this reading “Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.”

relating verb US /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

sights noun US /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading “SIGHTS IN MADRID.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.”

students noun US /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

tenth noun US /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading “The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.”

Toledo noun US /təˈliːdoʊ/

an industrial city in northwestern Ohio on Lake Erie

From this reading “Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tenth century noun + noun

In this reading “The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.”

hundred thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the fifth power of ten

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

four hundred noun + noun

the exclusive social set of a city

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

three hundred noun + noun

being one hundred more than two hundred

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

large hall adjective + noun

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

about four preposition + noun

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

took up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.”

assembled in verb + particle counted as “assemble in”

In this reading “After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1560

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SIGHTS IN MADRID.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

landlordnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

lessonnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

MADRIDnounUS /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading SIGHTS IN MADRID.

Mapps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

prominentadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːmənənt/

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

relatingverbUS /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

SIGHTSnounUS /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading SIGHTS IN MADRID.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

ToledonounUS /təˈliːdoʊ/

an industrial city in northwestern Ohio on Lake Erie

From this reading Toledo was at that time the capital, as about every prominent city of Spain had been before.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

Valladolid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1560 Philip III. made Madrid the sole capital of the country; and it has held this distinction down to this day, though Philip II. tried to move it to Valladolid.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After an early breakfast—early for Spain—the students were assembled in a large hall provided by the landlord; and Professor Mapps gave the usual lesson relating to the city they were visiting:— “The population of Madrid has fallen off from about four hundred thousand to the neighborhood of three hundred thousand.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The city was in existence in the tenth century, but was not of much account till the sixteenth, when Charles V. took up his residence here.

Chapter 12 of Vine and Olive by Oliver Optic holds 227 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Vine and Olive contain?

Chapter 12 holds 227 sentences of Vine and Olive, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Vine and Olive by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 227 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Vine and Olive?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vine and Olive

Common questions about reading Vine and Olive by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vine and Olive?

Yes. All 5918 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47423 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vine and Olive is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47423, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vine and Olive take to read?

About 493 minutes of reading across 1184 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vine and Olive section by section

How to work through Vine and Olive section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Vine and Olive to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Vine and Olive

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vine and Olive, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Obvious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vine and Olive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Print
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vine and Olive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punctuation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vine and Olive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vine and Olive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.