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Virginia
Virginia

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Virginia is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.
So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.
But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.
Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."
As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Virginia

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Virginia is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.
Line 2
So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.
/soʊ wiː dɪˈfɜːrd ənˈtɪl ˈiːvnɪŋ ðə lɔːŋ wɔːk əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈaɪlənd/
Line 3
But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.
/bʌt ɔːlˈredi ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈʌndər ˈaʊər oʊn ˈɑːnɪŋ wiː wɜːr ɪn ðə θɪk ʌv hɪˈstɔːrɪk əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/
Line 4
Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."
Line 5
As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.
/æz ðeɪ faʊnd bæk ˈrɪvər æt ðɪs pɔɪnt soʊ wiː faʊnd ɪt ə striːm wɪˈθaʊt bæŋks ˌɪnˈsted ɑːn ˈiːðər hænd stretʃt ˈloʊnli ˈmɑːrʃəz ˈdʒʌŋɡəlz ʌv riːdz ənd ˈrʌʃəz naʊ æz ðen mɔːr ðæn mæn haɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

awning noun US /ˈɑːnɪŋ/

a canopy made of canvas to shelter people or things from rain or sun

From this reading “But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.”

colonists noun US /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."”

deferred verb US /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.”

houseboat noun US /ˈhaʊsboʊt/

a barge that is designed and equipped for use as a dwelling

From this reading “Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."”

jungles noun US /ˈdʒʌŋɡəlz/

plural of “jungle” — a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading “As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.”

marshes noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəz/

plural of “marsh” — low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading “As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.”

pilings noun US /ˈpaɪlɪŋz/

plural of “piling” — a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading “FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.”

sultry adjective US /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading “FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

AFLOATadjectiveUS /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

ASHOREadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

associationnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

awningnounUS /ˈɑːnɪŋ/

a canopy made of canvas to shelter people or things from rain or sun

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

BackadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

colonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

deferredverbUS /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

FANCIESnounUS /ˈfænsiz/

plural of “fancy” — something many people believe that is false

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

Gadaboutnoun

a restless seeker after amusement or social companionship

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

havennounUS /ˈheɪvən/

a shelter serving as a place of safety or sanctuary

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

historicadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

houseboatnounUS /ˈhaʊsboʊt/

a barge that is designed and equipped for use as a dwelling

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

junglesnounUS /ˈdʒʌŋɡəlz/

plural of “jungle” — a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

lashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

marshesnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəz/

plural of “marsh” — low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

middaynounUS /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

moor'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

pilingsnounUS /ˈpaɪlɪŋz/

plural of “piling” — a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

reedsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

RUINSnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

rushesnounUS /ˈrʌʃəz/

plural of “rush” — the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

sultryadjectiveUS /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

tiedadjectiveUS /taɪd/

bound or secured closely

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading So, we deferred until evening the long walk across the island.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But already, sitting under our own awning, we were in the thick of historic association.

WhatsoeveradjectiveUS /ˌwʌtsoʊˈevər/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading FANCIES AFLOAT AND RUINS ASHORE It was midday when we tied Gadabout to the pilings beside the bridge, and the weather was hot and sultry.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

WindnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Where our houseboat lay, the early colonists used to find haven for their vessels, "lashed to one another and moor'd a shore secure from all Wind and Weather Whatsoever."

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading As they found Back River at this point so we found it, a stream without banks; instead, on either hand stretched lonely marshes, jungles of reeds and rushes, now as then more than man high.

Chapter 4 of Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Virginia contain?

Chapter 4 holds 116 sentences of Virginia, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Virginia?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Virginia

Common questions about reading Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Virginia?

Yes. All 2485 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11731 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Virginia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11731, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Virginia take to read?

About 207 minutes of reading across 497 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Virginia section by section

How to work through Virginia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Virginia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Virginia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Virginia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Daylight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gadabout
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lumbering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.