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Virginia
Virginia

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Virginia is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.
One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.
As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.
That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.
Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Virginia

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Virginia is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.
Line 2
One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.
/wʌn ˈiːvnɪŋ ɪt tɜːrnd koʊld ənd ə strɔːŋ waɪnd set ɪn ˈkʌmɪŋ streɪt æt ʌs əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈrɪvər/
Line 3
As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.
Line 4
That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.
/ðæt ɪz wiː kɔːld ɪt ˈkæstɪŋ ə led ðoʊ ɪn ˌriːˈælətiː ðə ˈprɑːses kənˈsɪstəd ɪn ˈθroʊɪŋ aʊt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈrɪvər æz fɑːr əˈhed ʌv ʌs æz wiː kʊd ə piːs ʌv oʊld ˈaɪərn wɪð ə strɪŋ taɪd tuː ɪt/
Line 5
Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anchored verb US /ˈæŋkərd/

past form of “anchor” — fix firmly and stably

From this reading “As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.”

cockpit noun US /ˈkɑːkpɪt/

compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft

From this reading “Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.”

detect verb US /dɪˈtekt/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.”

dragging adjective US /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading “As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.”

outgo noun US /ˈaʊtɡoʊ/

money paid out; an amount spent

From this reading “Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.”

stormy adjective US /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading “As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.”

tendency noun US /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.”

underground adjective US /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading “AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

aheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

anchornounUS /ˈæŋkər/

a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

anchoredverbUS /ˈæŋkərd/

past form of “anchor” — fix firmly and stably

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

cockpitnounUS /ˈkɑːkpɪt/

compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

detectverbUS /dɪˈtekt/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

DUCKING-STOOL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

Gadaboutnoun

a restless seeker after amusement or social companionship

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

leenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

MYSTERYnounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

outgonounUS /ˈaʊtɡoʊ/

money paid out; an amount spent

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

stringnounUS /strɪŋ/

a lightweight cord

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

tiedadjectiveUS /taɪd/

bound or secured closely

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

UNDERGROUNDadjectiveUS /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Then, at any time, by gathering up the loose end of the string that lay in the cockpit, one could detect by the outgo of the line any tendency on the part of Gadabout to run away with her anchor.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

Westover

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN UNDERGROUND MYSTERY AND A DUCKING-STOOL For a day or two Gadabout lay out in the James in front of Westover.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading As usual, when Gadabout was anchored on a stormy night near a lee shore, we cast a lead out ahead, so as to be able to tell (after it should become too dark to see the land) whether or not we were dragging anchor.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading One evening it turned cold and a strong wind set in, coming straight at us across the river.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading That is, we called it casting a lead, though in reality the process consisted in throwing out into the river (as far ahead of us as we could) a piece of old iron with a string tied to it.

Chapter 20 of Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Virginia contain?

Chapter 20 holds 109 sentences of Virginia, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Virginia?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Virginia

Common questions about reading Virginia by Frank W. Hutchins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Virginia?

Yes. All 2485 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11731 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Virginia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11731, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Virginia take to read?

About 207 minutes of reading across 497 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Virginia section by section

How to work through Virginia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Virginia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Virginia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Virginia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Daylight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gadabout
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lumbering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.