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Vittoria — Complete
Vittoria — Complete

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.
From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.
City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.
Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.
From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vittoria — Complete

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.
Line 2
From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.
Line 3
City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.
Line 4
Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.
Line 5
From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adriatic noun US /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading “CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.”

devastation noun US /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading “Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.”

elbowing noun US /ˈelboʊɪŋ/

jostling with the elbows

From this reading “From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.”

lombard noun US /ˈlɑːmbɑːrd/

a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century

From this reading “CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.”

Lombards noun US /ˈlɑːmbɑːrdz/

plural of “lombard” — a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century

From this reading “Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.”

reversal noun US /rɪˈvɜːrsəl/

a change from one state to the opposite state

From this reading “Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.”

Volta noun US /ˈvoʊltə/

Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)

From this reading “From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.”

zig-zag adjective US /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/

having short sharp turns or angles

From this reading “From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

AdriaticnounUS /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

agonynounUS /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

aloftadverbUS /əˈlɔːft/

at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

barriersnounUS /ˈbæriərz/

plural of “barrier” — a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

battle-field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

blewverbUS /bluː/

inflected form of “blow” — exhale hard

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

bowingnounUS /ˈboʊɪŋ/

bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

CAMPAIGNnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

CLOSEadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

Custozza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

devastationnounUS /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

eclipseverbUS /ɪˈklɪps/

be greater in significance than

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

eddyverbUS /ˈedi/

flow in a circular current, of liquids

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

elbowingnounUS /ˈelboʊɪŋ/

jostling with the elbows

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

fantasticadjectiveUS /fænˈtæstɪk/

ludicrously odd

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

field-rocket

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

Godio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

incredulousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredʒələs/

not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

LOMBARDnounUS /ˈlɑːmbɑːrd/

a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

LombardsnounUS /ˈlɑːmbɑːrdz/

plural of “lombard” — a member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

Lombardynoun

a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

MilannounUS /məˈlɑːn/

the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

Mincio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

monstrousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːnstrəs/

abnormally large

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

MontenounUS /ˈmɑːnti/

a gambling card game of Spanish origin; 3 or 4 cards are dealt face up and players bet that one of them will be matched before the others as the cards are dealt from the pack one at a time

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

overbearingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərˈberɪŋ/

expecting unquestioning obedience

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

overflowedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈfloʊd/

past form of “overflow” — flow or run over (a limit or brim)

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

PERPLEXITYnounUS /pərˈpleksəti/

trouble or confusion resulting from complexity

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

resistedverbUS /rɪˈzɪstɪd/

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

reversalnounUS /rɪˈvɜːrsəl/

a change from one state to the opposite state

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

Rivoli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

shieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

Sommacampagna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

streamingadjectiveUS /ˈstriːmɪŋ/

exuding a bodily fluid in profuse amounts

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

swiftnessnounUS /ˈswɪftnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

unutterableadjective

too sacred to be uttered

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

Vicenza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

VITTORIA'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

VoltanounUS /ˈvoʊltə/

Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Venice kept her brave colours streaming aloft in a mighty grasp despite the storm, but between Venice and Milan there was this unutterable devastation,--so sudden a change, so complete a reversal of the shield, that the Lombards were at first incredulous even in their agony, and set their faces against it as at a monstrous eclipse, as though the heavens were taking false oath of its being night when it was day.

whirls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading City, fortress, and battle-field resisted as the eddy whirls.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading From that day it was as if a violent wind blew East over Lombardy; flood and wind breaking here and there a tree, bowing everything before them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading CLOSE OF THE LOMBARD CAMPAIGN--VITTORIA'S PERPLEXITY The fall of Vicenza turned a tide that had overflowed its barriers with force enough to roll it to the Adriatic.

zig-zagadjectiveUS /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/

having short sharp turns or angles

From this reading From Vicenza and Rivoli, to Sommacampagna, and across Monte Godio to Custozza, to Volta on the right of the Mincio, up to the gates of Milan, the line of fire travelled, with a fantastic overbearing swiftness that, upon the map, looks like the zig-zag elbowing of a field-rocket.

Chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete by George Meredith holds 249 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete contain?

Chapter 30 holds 249 sentences of Vittoria — Complete, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete by George Meredith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 249 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Vittoria — Complete?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vittoria — Complete

Common questions about reading Vittoria — Complete by George Meredith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vittoria — Complete?

Yes. All 11958 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4443 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vittoria — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4443, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vittoria — Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2392 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vittoria — Complete section by section

How to work through Vittoria — Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Vittoria — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vittoria — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vittoria — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vittoria — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frail
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vittoria — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vittoria — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.