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Voices

Chapter XII · The Kentucky Spirit or Why the Kentucky Colonel

Chapter XII of Voices, “The Kentucky Spirit or Why the Kentucky Colonel,” is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”
The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”
From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”
Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.
Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Voices

Chapter XII · The Kentucky Spirit or Why the Kentucky Colonel

Chapter XII of Voices, “The Kentucky Spirit or Why the Kentucky Colonel,” is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”
Line 2
The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”
/ðə ˈlɪməts ʌv vərˈdʒɪnjə wɜːr ˈwestwərd tuː ðə ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ənd soʊ mʌtʃ ˈfɜːrðər æz ðə ˈkɑːləni hæd ə maɪnd tuː kleɪm/
Line 3
From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”
Line 4
Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.
Line 5
Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Augusta noun US /əˈɡʌstə/

the capital of the state of Maine

From this reading “From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.””

boundary noun US /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading “Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.””

Colonial adjective US /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading “Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.””

Commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.”

Counties noun US /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading “Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.”

Jefferson noun US /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading “Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.”

partition noun US /pɑːrˈtɪʃən/

a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)

From this reading “Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.”

subdivided verb US /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading “Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

extending beyond verb + particle counted as “extend beyond”

In this reading “From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.””

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1734

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

1738

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

1769

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.

1772

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.

1776

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

1780

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

Alleghanies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

AugustanounUS /əˈɡʌstə/

the capital of the state of Maine

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

Botetourt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

carvedadjectiveUS /kɑːrvd/

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

ColonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

ColonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

CommonwealthnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

CountiesnounUS /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

CountynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

Fayette

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

Fincastle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Botetourt was carved from Augusta in 1769 and Fincastle from Botetourt in 1772.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Orange County, Augusta County was formed in 1738, extending beyond the Alleghanies to the “uttermost limits of Virginia.”

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

JeffersonnounUS /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

MississippinounUS /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

OrangenounUS /ˈɔːrəndʒ/

round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

partitionnounUS /pɑːrˈtɪʃən/

a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

subdividedverbUS /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Kentucky County was carved by a partition of Fincastle in 1776, under one of the earliest acts of the new Commonwealth of Virginia; and Kentucky County, known as the District of Kentucky, was, in 1780, subdivided into Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson Counties.

uttermostadjective

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Orange County, Virginia, was formed by Colonial act in 1734; and its boundary was: “to the uttermost limits of Virginia.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading The limits of Virginia were; “westward to the Mississippi and so much further as the Colony had a mind to claim.”

Chapter 12 of Voices by Mathew Joseph Holt holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Voices contain?

Chapter 12 holds 166 sentences of Voices, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Voices by Mathew Joseph Holt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Voices?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Voices

Common questions about reading Voices by Mathew Joseph Holt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Voices?

Yes. All 4363 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Voices is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Voices take to read?

About 363 minutes of reading across 873 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Voices section by section

How to work through Voices section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Voices

Words and structures a reader meets early in Voices, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Generously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Available
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kentuckiana
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Digital
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.