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Voices from the Past
Voices from the Past

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Voices from the Past is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Voices from the Past
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.
Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?
Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?
When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?
Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Voices from the Past

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Voices from the Past is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.
Line 2
Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?
Line 3
Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?
/ɪz ɪt truː ðæt dʒɑːn ˈdʒeɪkəb ˈæstər peɪz hɪz ˈsæləri/
Line 4
When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?
Line 5
Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?
/wɑːz ɪt truː ðæt ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ʌv kəˈlʌmbiə ˈhɔːrsəz hæv bɪn tʃeɪnd tuː triːz wer ðeɪ nɔːd bɑːrk liːvz ənd ˈbræntʃəz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ daɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aster noun US /ˈæstər/

any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers

From this reading “Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?”

chained adjective US /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading “Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?”

Columbia noun US /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading “Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?”

disgruntled adjective US /dɪsˈɡrʌntəld/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading “Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?”

gnawed verb US /nɔːd/

past form of “gnaw” — bite or chew on with the teeth

From this reading “Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?”

historian noun US /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.”

Mac noun US /mæk/

a waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric

From this reading “When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?”

unfit adjective US /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading “When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

aristocraticadjectiveUS /ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

AsternounUS /ˈæstər/

any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

Bancroft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

chainedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

disgruntledadjectiveUS /dɪsˈɡrʌntəld/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

gnawedverbUS /nɔːd/

past form of “gnaw” — bite or chew on with the teeth

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

JacobnounUS /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

lectureverbUS /ˈlektʃər/

deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

MacnounUS /mæk/

a waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

McClellan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

ObviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

paysnounUS /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

purchasedverbUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəst/

past form of “purchase” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

salarynounUS /ˈsæləri/

something that remunerates

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

Smithsonian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At another Smithsonian lecture, I met George Bancroft, our distinguished elder historian.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Is it true that John Jacob Aster pays his salary?

unfitadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I introduced Bancroft to McClellan, he questioned Mac about the condition of the cavalry: Is it true that half the horses purchased for the army are unfit for service?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Was it true that in the District of Columbia, horses have been chained to trees, where they gnawed bark, leaves and branches until they died?

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Obviously disgruntled and tired, he wanted to know: Why is General McClellan living in an aristocratic style in an aristocratic mansion?

Chapter 27 of Voices from the Past by Paul Alexander Bartlett holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of Voices from the Past contain?

Chapter 27 holds 399 sentences of Voices from the Past, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of Voices from the Past by Paul Alexander Bartlett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of Voices from the Past?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Voices from the Past

Common questions about reading Voices from the Past by Paul Alexander Bartlett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Voices from the Past?

Yes. All 11644 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39468 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Voices from the Past is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39468, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Voices from the Past take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2329 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Voices from the Past section by section

How to work through Voices from the Past section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Voices from the Past to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Voices from the Past

Words and structures a reader meets early in Voices from the Past, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voices
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices from the Past; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices from the Past; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Group
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices from the Past; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Independent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Voices from the Past; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.