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Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases
Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases
Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.
Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?
Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.
"But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.
Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.
Line 2
Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?
/duː juː nɑːt trʌst ɔːr əˈvɔɪd ə mæn bɪˈkɔːz ðer ɪz ˈɑːnər ɔːr ˈwɪkədnəs ɪn hɪz feɪs/
Line 3
Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.
Line 4
"But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.
/bʌt ðə mɑːrks ɡoʊ ˈdiːpər ðæn ə ˈloʊərɪŋ braʊ ɔːr ə ˈkruːəl maʊθ/
Line 5
Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.
/men meɪ daɪ ənd liːv bɪˈhaɪnd ðem noʊ ˈmɑːnjəmənts seɪv ðer sɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

answering adjective US /ˈænsərɪŋ/

replying

From this reading “"As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.”

avoid verb US /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?”

deeper adverb US /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading “"But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.”

lowering adjective US /ˈloʊərɪŋ/

darkened by clouds

From this reading “"But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.”

marks noun US /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading “"But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.”

men's noun US /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading “Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.”

monuments noun US /ˈmɑːnjəmənts/

plural of “monument” — a structure erected to commemorate persons or events

From this reading “Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.”

wickedness noun US /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

answeringadjectiveUS /ˈænsərɪŋ/

replying

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

Belshazzars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

Grobelaar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

honornounUS /ˈɑːnər/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

loweringadjectiveUS /ˈloʊərɪŋ/

darkened by clouds

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

monumentsnounUS /ˈmɑːnjəmənts/

plural of “monument” — a structure erected to commemorate persons or events

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "But the marks go deeper than a lowering brow or a cruel mouth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Men may die and leave behind them no monuments save their sin.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

Vrouw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As to that," said the Vrouw Grobelaar, answering a point that no one had raised, "it has been seen over and over again that sin leaves its mark.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

wickednessnounUS /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Ah, men's faces are the writing on the wall, and only the Belshazzars cannot read them.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Do you not trust or avoid a man because there is honor or wickedness in his face?

Chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases by Perceval Gibbon holds 453 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases contain?

Chapter 4 holds 453 sentences of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases by Perceval Gibbon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 453 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases

Common questions about reading Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases by Perceval Gibbon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases?

Yes. All 3172 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20355 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20355, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases take to read?

About 264 minutes of reading across 635 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases section by section

How to work through Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases

Words and structures a reader meets early in Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vrouw
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grobelaar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Excellent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Standing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Vrouw Grobelaar and Her Leading Cases; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.