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Wanderings in South America
Wanderings in South America

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wanderings in South America
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.
It sticks close to him wherever he goes.
He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.
The woodpecker is little better off.
The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wanderings in South America

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.
/ɪt ɪz sed ɪf juː wʌns ɡɪv ə dɔːɡ ə bæd neɪm ˈweðər ˈɪnəsənt ɔːr ˈɡɪlti hiː ˈnevər ˈluːzəz ɪt/
Line 2
It sticks close to him wherever he goes.
/ɪt stɪks kloʊs tuː hɪm weˈrevər hiː ɡoʊz/
Line 3
He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.
/hiː hæz ˈmeni ə kɪk ənd ˈmeni ə bloʊ tuː ber ɑːn əˈkaʊnt ʌv ɪt ənd ðer ɪz ˈnoʊbɑːdiː tuː stænd ʌp fɔːr hɪm/
Line 4
The woodpecker is little better off.
/ðə ˈwʊdpekər ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈbetər ɔːf/
Line 5
The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.
/ðə prəˈpraɪətərz ʌv wʊdz ɪn ˈjʊrəp hæv lɔːŋ əˈkjuːzd hɪm ʌv ˈɪndʒərɪŋ ðer ˈtɪmbər baɪ ˈbɔːrɪŋ hoʊlz ɪn ɪt ənd ˈletɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈwɔːtər wɪtʃ suːn rɑːts ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boring adjective US /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading “The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.”

injuring verb US /ˈɪndʒərɪŋ/

-ing form of “injure” — cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading “The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.”

kick verb US /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading “He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.”

loses verb US /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading “It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.”

proprietors noun US /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.”

rots noun US /rɑːts/

plural of “rot” — a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

From this reading “The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.”

timber noun US /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading “The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.”

woodpecker noun US /ˈwʊdpekər/

bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects

From this reading “The woodpecker is little better off.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The woodpecker is little better off.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

boringadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

injuringverbUS /ˈɪndʒərɪŋ/

-ing form of “injure” — cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

kickverbUS /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

lettingnounUS /ˈletɪŋ/

property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The woodpecker is little better off.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

losesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The woodpecker is little better off.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

proprietorsnounUS /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

rotsnounUS /rɑːts/

plural of “rot” — a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The woodpecker is little better off.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He has many a kick and many a blow to bear on account of it; and there is nobody to stand up for him.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading It sticks close to him wherever he goes.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

woodpeckernounUS /ˈwʊdpekər/

bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects

From this reading The woodpecker is little better off.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The proprietors of woods in Europe have long accused him of injuring their timber by boring holes in it and letting in the water, which soon rots it.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is said, if you once give a dog a bad name, whether innocent or guilty, he never loses it.

Chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America by Charles Waterton holds 416 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America contain?

Chapter 4 holds 416 sentences of Wanderings in South America, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America by Charles Waterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 416 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Wanderings in South America?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wanderings in South America

Common questions about reading Wanderings in South America by Charles Waterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wanderings in South America?

Yes. All 3313 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8159 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wanderings in South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8159, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wanderings in South America take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 663 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wanderings in South America section by section

How to work through Wanderings in South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Wanderings in South America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wanderings in South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wanderings in South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Offer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wanderings in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wanderings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wanderings in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hesitating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wanderings in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wanderings in South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.