Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
War and Peace
War and Peace

Chapter XIV

Cover illustration for War and Peace
Context Illustration Reading 1/118 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.
Since then she had not seen him.
Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.
But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.
Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

War and Peace

Chapter XIV

Reading 1/118 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.
Line 2
Since then she had not seen him.
Line 3
Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.
Line 4
But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.
Line 5
Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.”

Question noun US /ˈquestion/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.”

Quite noun US /quite/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.”

Secret noun US /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading “But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Since then she had not seen him.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1805

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

1809

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

binding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

Borís

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

childish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

counted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

depths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

engagement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

episode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

fingers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

freely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

happened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Since then she had not seen him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

important

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

jest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

join

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

kissed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

long-forgotten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

matter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

mentioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

mentioning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

Moscow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

mother

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

Natásha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Since then she had not seen him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

Otrádnoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

promise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

questionnounUS /ˈquestion/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

quitenounUS /quite/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

Rostóvs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since then she had not seen him.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since then she had not seen him.

sixteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

soul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

spoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

Sónya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since then she had not seen him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since Borís left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the Rostóvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near Otrádnoe, but had never been to see them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

tormented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading But in the secret depths of her soul the question whether her engagement to Borís was a jest or an important, binding promise tormented her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

worth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before Sónya and her mother, if Borís happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not worth mentioning.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which she had counted on her fingers with Borís after they had kissed four years ago.