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War and Peace
War and Peace

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of War and Peace is here in full — 879 sentences across 176 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.
His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chiefa post his father had procured for himand would at last try to make a good match there.
He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.
Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.
Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

War and Peace

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of War and Peace is here in full — 879 sentences across 176 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/175 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.
Line 2
His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chiefa post his father had procured for himand would at last try to make a good match there.
Line 3
He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.
Line 4
Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.
Line 5
Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjutant noun US /ˈædʒətənt/

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading “His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.”

creditors noun US /ˈkredɪtərz/

plural of “creditor” — a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading “Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.”

guise noun US /ɡaɪz/

an artful or simulated semblance

From this reading “Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.”

loans noun US /loʊnz/

plural of “loan” — the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading “Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.”

Pierre's noun US /piˈerz/

possessive form of “pierre” — capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

rubles noun US /ˈruːbəlz/

plural of “ruble” — the basic unit of money in Tajikistan

From this reading “Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.”

unwillingly adverb US /ənˈwɪlɪŋli/

in an unwilling manner

From this reading “Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

adjutantnounUS /ˈædʒətənt/

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

Anatole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

carousals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

cashnounUS /kæʃ/

money in the form of bills or coins

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

consentedverbUS /kənˈsentɪd/

past form of “consent” — give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to

From this reading Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.

creditorsnounUS /ˈkredɪtərz/

plural of “creditor” — a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

debtsnounUS /dets/

plural of “debt” — the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

guisenounUS /ɡaɪz/

an artful or simulated semblance

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.

Julie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.

Karágina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.

Kurágin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

loansnounUS /loʊnz/

plural of “loan” — the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.

matchverbUS /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

PierrenounUS /piˈer/

capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

Pierre'snounUS /piˈerz/

possessive form of “pierre” — capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

From this reading Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

PrincessnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading He indicated to him Princess Mary and Julie Karágina.

procuredverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierre’s house.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

rublesnounUS /ˈruːbəlz/

plural of “ruble” — the basic unit of money in Tajikistan

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

spendingnounUS /ˈspendɪŋ/

the act of spending or disbursing money

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

stayingverbUS /ˈsteɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

unwillinglyadverbUS /ənˈwɪlɪŋli/

in an unwilling manner

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave him money under the guise of loans.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to the commander in chief—a post his father had procured for him—and would at last try to make a good match there.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Anatole Kurágin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his creditors demanded from his father.

Chapter 18 of War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 879 sentences, grouped into 176 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of War and Peace contain?

Chapter 18 holds 879 sentences of War and Peace, unabridged, divided into 176 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 879 sentences, grouped into 176 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of War and Peace?

Work through the 176 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 176 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading War and Peace

Common questions about reading War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of War and Peace?

Yes. All 30326 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2600 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of War and Peace is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2600, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does War and Peace take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6066 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read War and Peace section by section

How to work through War and Peace section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of War and Peace to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in War and Peace

Words and structures a reader meets early in War and Peace, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Twelve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thirteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.