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War and Peace
War and Peace

Chapter XXXVIII · Chapter 38

Chapter 38 of War and Peace is here in full — 777 sentences across 156 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/155 · 5 lines
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Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.
She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.
Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.
In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.
Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

War and Peace

Chapter XXXVIII · Chapter 38

Chapter 38 of War and Peace is here in full — 777 sentences across 156 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/155 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.
Line 2
She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.
Line 3
Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.
/hɜːr ˈfiːtʃərz wɜːr mɔːr dɪˈfaɪnd ənd hæd ə kɑːm sɑːft ənd sərˈiːn ɪkˈspreʃən/
Line 4
In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.
Line 5
Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.
/naʊ hɜːr feɪs ənd ˈbɑːdi wɜːr ˈɔːfən ɔːl ðæt wʌn sɔː ənd hɜːr soʊl wɑːz nɑːt ˈvɪzəbəl æt ɔːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

animation noun US /ˌænəˈmeɪʃən/

the condition of living or the state of being alive

From this reading “In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.”

broader adjective US /ˈbrɔːdər/

comparative of “broad” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading “She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.”

constituted adjective US /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading “In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.”

defined adjective US /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading “Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.”

motherly adjective US /ˈmʌðərli/

befitting a mother; warm and nurturing

From this reading “She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.”

nursing noun US /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading “Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.”

robust adjective US /roʊˈbʌst/

sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction

From this reading “She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.”

slim adjective US /slɪm/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading “She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1813

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

1820

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

animationnounUS /ˌænəˈmeɪʃən/

the condition of living or the state of being alive

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

broaderadjectiveUS /ˈbrɔːdər/

comparative of “broad” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

ever-glowing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

longedverbUS /lɔːŋd/

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

motherlyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌðərli/

befitting a mother; warm and nurturing

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

Natásha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

nursingnounUS /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

recognizeverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

robustadjectiveUS /roʊˈbʌst/

sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

sereneadjectiveUS /sərˈiːn/

not agitated; without losing self-possession

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

slimadjectiveUS /slɪm/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

stouter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In her face there was none of the ever-glowing animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was not visible at all.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, and serene expression.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Natásha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was now nursing.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natásha of former days.

Chapter 38 of War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 777 sentences, grouped into 156 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 38 of War and Peace contain?

Chapter 38 holds 777 sentences of War and Peace, unabridged, divided into 156 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 38 of War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 777 sentences, grouped into 156 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 38 of War and Peace?

Work through the 156 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 156 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 38 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 38 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading War and Peace

Common questions about reading War and Peace by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of War and Peace?

Yes. All 30326 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2600 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of War and Peace is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2600, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does War and Peace take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6066 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in War and Peace

Words and structures a reader meets early in War and Peace, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Twelve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thirteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War and Peace; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.