Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
War of the Classes
War of the Classes

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of War of the Classes is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for War of the Classes
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.
The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.
Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.
The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."
Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

War of the Classes

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of War of the Classes is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.
/ðə ˈlʌndən taɪmz sez ɪt ɪz ˈjuːsləs tuː dɪsˈɡaɪz ðə fækt ðæt ɡreɪt ˈbrɪtən ɪz ˈbiːɪŋ ˈaʊtˈdɪstənst/
Line 2
The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.
/ðə ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən dʌz nɑːt kʌm frʌm ðə ɡlʌt kɑːzd baɪ mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃən æz tuː ðə hoʊm dɪˈmænd/
Line 3
Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.
Line 4
The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."
/ðə ˈθretənd ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən ɪn ˈmɑːrkəts ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː ˈaʊər oʊn kʌmz frʌm ɪˈfɪʃənsi ɪn prəˈdʌkʃən sʌtʃ æz ˈnevər bɪˈfɔːr hæz bɪn siːn/
Line 5
Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

efficiency noun US /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

the ratio of the output to the input of any system

From this reading “The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."”

engineering noun US /ˈendʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/

the practical application of technical and scientific knowledge to commerce or industry

From this reading “Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."”

glut verb US /ɡlʌt/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading “The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.”

markets noun US /ˈmɑːrkəts/

plural of “market” — the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading “The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."”

miscalculation noun US /mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃən/

a mistake in calculating

From this reading “The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.”

naval adjective US /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading “Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."”

outdistanced verb US /ˈaʊtˈdɪstənst/

past form of “outdistance” — go far ahead of

From this reading “The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.”

supremacy noun US /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading “Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

competitionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/

a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

continuesverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

disguisenounUS /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

efficiencynounUS /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

the ratio of the output to the input of any system

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

engineeringnounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/

the practical application of technical and scientific knowledge to commerce or industry

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

glutverbUS /ɡlʌt/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

marketsnounUS /ˈmɑːrkəts/

plural of “market” — the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

miscalculationnounUS /mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃən/

a mistake in calculating

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The competition does not come from the glut caused by miscalculation as to the home demand.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

outdistancedverbUS /ˈaʊtˈdɪstənst/

past form of “outdistance” — go far ahead of

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

steel-makers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our own steel-makers know better and are alarmed.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

sufferancenoun

patient endurance especially of pain or distress

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

supremacynounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading The threatened competition in markets hitherto our own comes from efficiency in production such as never before has been seen."

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading The London Times says: "It is useless to disguise the fact that Great Britain is being outdistanced.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Even the British naval supremacy is in danger, continues the same paper, "for, if we lose our engineering supremacy, our naval supremacy will follow, unless held on sufferance by our successful rivals."

Chapter 7 of War of the Classes by Jack London holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of War of the Classes contain?

Chapter 7 holds 159 sentences of War of the Classes, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of War of the Classes by Jack London exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of War of the Classes?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading War of the Classes

Common questions about reading War of the Classes by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of War of the Classes?

Yes. All 1586 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1187 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of War of the Classes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1187, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does War of the Classes take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read War of the Classes section by section

How to work through War of the Classes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of War of the Classes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in War of the Classes

Words and structures a reader meets early in War of the Classes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-wolf
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.