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War of the Classes
War of the Classes

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of War of the Classes is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.
And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.
If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.
The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.
The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

War of the Classes

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of War of the Classes is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.
/ɔːl ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd emˈplɔɪərz stʊd bæk ʌv ðə ˈrestərɑːnt ˈoʊnərz ɪn ˈsɪmpəθi wɪð ðem ənd ˈwɪlɪŋ tuː eɪd ðem ɪf ðeɪ derd/
Line 2
And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.
Line 3
If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.
/ɪf ə ˈbɪznəs mæn wɑːz kɑːt ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ æn ənˈfer ˈrestərɑːnt hiː wɑːz ˈbɔɪkɑːtɪd ɪf ə ˈjuːnjən mæn wɑːz kɑːt hiː wɑːz faɪnd ˈhevəli baɪ hɪz ˈjuːnjən ɔːr ɪkˈspeld/
Line 4
The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.
/ðə ˈɔɪstər ˈkʌmpəniːz ənd ðə ˈslɔːtər ˈhaʊsəz meɪd æn əˈtempt tuː rəˈfjuːz tuː sel ˈɔɪstərz ənd miːt tuː ˈjuːnjən ˈrestərɑːnts/
Line 5
The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boycotted verb US /ˈbɔɪkɑːtɪd/

past form of “boycott” — refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business with

From this reading “If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.”

Butchers noun US /ˈbʊtʃərz/

plural of “butcher” — a retailer of meat

From this reading “The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.”

Cutters noun US /ˈkʌtərz/

plural of “cutter” — someone who cuts or carves stone

From this reading “The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.”

fined verb US /faɪnd/

past form of “fine” — issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty

From this reading “If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.”

patronizing adjective US /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension

From this reading “If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.”

restaurants noun US /ˈrestərɑːnts/

plural of “restaurant” — a building where people go to eat

From this reading “The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.”

retaliation noun US /riˌtæliˈeɪʃən/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading “The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.”

Teamsters noun US /ˈtiːmstərz/

plural of “teamster” — the driver of a team of horses doing hauling

From this reading “The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

40,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

boycottedverbUS /ˈbɔɪkɑːtɪd/

past form of “boycott” — refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business with

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

ButchersnounUS /ˈbʊtʃərz/

plural of “butcher” — a retailer of meat

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

CooksnounUS /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

CuttersnounUS /ˈkʌtərz/

plural of “cutter” — someone who cuts or carves stone

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

deliververbUS /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

employersnounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

expelledverbUS /ɪkˈspeld/

inflected form of “expel” — force to leave or move out

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

finedverbUS /faɪnd/

past form of “fine” — issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

non-union

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

oysternounUS /ˈɔɪstər/

marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

oystersnounUS /ˈɔɪstərz/

plural of “oyster” — marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

patronizingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

restaurantnounUS /ˈrestərɑːnt/

a building where people go to eat

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

restaurantsnounUS /ˈrestərɑːnts/

plural of “restaurant” — a building where people go to eat

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

retaliationnounUS /riˌtæliˈeɪʃən/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

slaughternounUS /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading The oyster companies and the slaughter houses made an attempt to refuse to sell oysters and meat to union restaurants.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

TeamstersnounUS /ˈtiːmstərz/

plural of “teamster” — the driver of a team of horses doing hauling

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

unfairadjectiveUS /ənˈfer/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

WaitersnounUS /ˈweɪtərz/

plural of “waiter” — a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant)

From this reading And at the back of the Cooks' and Waiters' Union stood the organized labor of the city, 40,000 strong.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If a business man was caught patronizing an "unfair" restaurant, he was boycotted; if a union man was caught, he was fined heavily by his union or expelled.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading All organized employers stood back of the restaurant owners, in sympathy with them and willing to aid them if they dared.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The Butchers and Meat Cutters, and the Teamsters, in retaliation, refused to work for or to deliver to non-union restaurants.

Chapter 9 of War of the Classes by Jack London holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of War of the Classes contain?

Chapter 9 holds 160 sentences of War of the Classes, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of War of the Classes by Jack London exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of War of the Classes?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading War of the Classes

Common questions about reading War of the Classes by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of War of the Classes?

Yes. All 1586 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1187 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of War of the Classes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1187, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does War of the Classes take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read War of the Classes section by section

How to work through War of the Classes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in War of the Classes

Words and structures a reader meets early in War of the Classes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-wolf
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of War of the Classes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.