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Washington Irving
Washington Irving

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Washington Irving is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.
It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.
It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.
The first volume appeared in April.
The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Washington Irving

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Washington Irving is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.
Line 2
It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.
Line 3
It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.
Line 4
The first volume appeared in April.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈvɑːljuːm əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈeɪprəl/
Line 5
The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitledStudies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographical adjective US /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading “It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.”

biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.”

Crayon noun US /ˈkreɪɑːn/

writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing

From this reading “It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.”

expansion noun US /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading “It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.”

irving noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading “WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.”

Irving's noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋz/

possessive form of “irving” — United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading “It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.”

oration noun US /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading “The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.”

reminiscences noun US /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading “The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1880

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

1881

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The first volume appeared in April.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading The first volume appeared in April.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

biographicaladjectiveUS /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

Bryant's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

CrayonnounUS /ˈkreɪɑːn/

writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

expansionnounUS /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

Geoffrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

IRVINGnounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

Irving'snounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋz/

possessive form of “irving” — United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

orationnounUS /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

prefixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

Putnam's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

reminiscencesnounUS /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

SeriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

sketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

StudiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

subsequentlyadverbUS /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

twenty-sevennoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-six and one

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

WASHINGTONnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading WASHINGTON IRVING, the first biography published in the American Men of Letters Series, came out in December, 1881.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was entitled the Geoffrey Crayon edition, and was in twenty-seven volumes, which were brought out, in most cases, in successive months.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading It was an expansion of a biographical and critical sketch prefixed to the first volume of a new edition of Irving's works which began to appear in 1880.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The essay was subsequently published during the same year in a volume entitled “Studies of Irving,” which contained also Bryant's oration and George P. Putnam's personal reminiscences.

Chapter 1 of Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Washington Irving contain?

Chapter 1 holds 120 sentences of Washington Irving, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Washington Irving?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Washington Irving

Common questions about reading Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Washington Irving?

Yes. All 2105 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3101 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Washington Irving is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3101, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Washington Irving take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Washington Irving

Words and structures a reader meets early in Washington Irving, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Irving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.