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Washington Irving
Washington Irving

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Washington Irving is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.
Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....
I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'
It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.
The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Washington Irving

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Washington Irving is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.
Line 2
Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....
/jɔːr əˈkaʊnt hiː raɪts ʌv ðə ˈbrevəti ʌv ðə oʊld ˈleɪdiz ˈneðər ˈɡɑːrmənts dɪˈstresɪz miː/
Line 3
I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'
Line 4
It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.
/ɪt wɑːz ˌɪntrəˈduːst dʒʌst æt ðə taɪm ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ flɑːkt ɪn sʌtʃ kraʊdz tuː ˈperɪs/
Line 5
The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.
/ðə frentʃ ˈwɪmən juː noʊ ɑːr rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl fɔːr ˈprɪti fiːt ənd ˈæŋkəlz ənd kæn dɪˈspleɪ ðem ɪn pərˈfekt sɪˈkjʊrəti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ankles noun US /ˈæŋkəlz/

plural of “ankle” — a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus

From this reading “The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.”

brevity noun US /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading ““Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....”

Bull's noun US /bʊlz/

possessive form of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

distresses noun US /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading ““Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....”

flocked verb US /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading “It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.”

Irving noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading “It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.”

nether adjective US /ˈneðər/

lower

From this reading ““Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....”

noticeable adjective US /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading “It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

anklesnounUS /ˈæŋkəlz/

plural of “ankle” — a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

brevitynounUS /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

Brevoort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

Bull'snounUS /bʊlz/

possessive form of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

commentedverbUS /ˈkɑːmentəd/

past form of “comment” — make or write a comment on

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

distressesnounUS /dɪˈstresɪz/

plural of “distress” — psychological suffering

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

flockedverbUS /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

IrvingnounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

netheradjectiveUS /ˈneðər/

lower

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

noticeableadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

phenomenonnounUS /fəˈnɑːmənɑːn/

any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

resortnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrt/

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

skirtsnounUS /skɜːrts/

plural of “skirt” — cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

tricknounUS /trɪk/

a cunning or deceitful action or device

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

woman-folk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

Chapter 7 of Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Washington Irving contain?

Chapter 7 holds 132 sentences of Washington Irving, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Washington Irving?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Washington Irving

Common questions about reading Washington Irving by Charles Dudley Warner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Washington Irving?

Yes. All 2105 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3101 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3101, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Washington Irving take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Washington Irving

Words and structures a reader meets early in Washington Irving, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Irving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Washington Irving; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.