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Washington Irving
Washington Irving

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for Washington Irving
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.
“Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....
I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'
It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.
The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Washington Irving

Chapter VII

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.
Line 2
“Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....
Line 3
I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'
Line 4
It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.
Line 5
The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.”

Complete noun US /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Help noun US /help/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Remarkable noun US /ˈremarkable/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.”

Short adjective US /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading “I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

America

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

ankles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

brevity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

Brevoort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

Bull's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

commented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

completenounUS /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

crowds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

disease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

display

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

distresses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

fashion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

feet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

flocked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

garments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

helpnounUS /help/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

introduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

invented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

Irving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

ladies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

lady's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

nether

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

noticeable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

observed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

observing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

perfect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

phenomenon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

pretty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

remarkablenounUS /ˈremarkable/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

resort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

security

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

skirts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was introduced just at the time the English flocked in such crowds to Paris.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

trick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was at the same resort of fashion and disease that Irving observed a phenomenon upon which Brevoort had commented as beginning to be noticeable in America.

woman-folk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot help observing that this fashion of short skirts must have been invented by the French ladies as a complete trick upon John Bull's 'woman-folk.'

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

writes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The French women, you know, are remarkable for pretty feet and ankles, and can display them in perfect security.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Your account [he writes of the brevity of the old lady's nether garments] distresses me....