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Waverley
Waverley

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of Waverley is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.
One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.
By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.
In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.
When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Waverley

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of Waverley is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.
Line 2
One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.
Line 3
By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.
/baɪ ðɪs weɪ ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈdʒenərəl hæd ˈtʃoʊzən tuː əˈproʊtʃ ðə məˈtrɑːpələs boʊθ æz moʊst kəˈmoʊdiəs fɔːr hɪz ˈkævəlri ənd ˈbiːɪŋ ˈprɑːbəbliː ʌv əˈpɪnjən ðæt baɪ ˈduːɪŋ soʊ hiː wʊd miːt ɪn frʌnt wɪð ðə ˈhaɪlændərz ədˈvænsɪŋ frʌm ˈedənbəroʊ ɪn ðə ˈɑːpəzət dərˈekʃən/
Line 4
In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.
/ɪn ðɪs hiː wɑːz mɪˈsteɪkən fɔːr ðə saʊnd ˈdʒʌdʒmənt ʌv ðə ˌʃevəˈlɪr ɔːr ʌv ðoʊz tuː huːz ædˈvaɪs hiː ˈlɪsənd left ðə dərˈekt ˈpæsədʒ friː bʌt ˈɑːkjəpaɪd ðə strɔːŋ ɡraʊnd baɪ wɪtʃ ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊvərlʊkt ənd kəˈmændɪd/
Line 5
When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.
/wen ðə ˈhaɪlændərz riːtʃt ðə haɪts əˈbʌv ðə pleɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ðeɪ wɜːr ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli fɔːrmd ɪn ˈɑːrmi ʌv ˈbætəl əˈlɔːŋ ðə braʊ ʌv ðə hɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commodious adjective US /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

large and roomy (“convenient” is archaic in this sense)

From this reading “By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.”

declining verb US /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading “THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.”

enclosures noun US /ɪnˈkloʊʒərz/

plural of “enclosure” — a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading “One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.”

Highlanders noun US /ˈhaɪlændərz/

plural of “highlander” — a soldier in a Scottish regiment from the Highlands

From this reading “THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.”

issuing noun US /ˈɪʃuːɪŋ/

the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity)

From this reading “One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.”

judgement noun US /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision

From this reading “In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.”

metropolis noun US /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.”

northward adverb US /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading “THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

ChevaliernounUS /ˌʃevəˈlɪr/

French actor and cabaret singer (1888-1972)

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

coast-roads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

Cockenzie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

commodiousadjectiveUS /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

large and roomy (“convenient” is archaic in this sense)

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

decliningverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

defiles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

enclosuresnounUS /ɪnˈkloʊʒərz/

plural of “enclosure” — a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

EVEnounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

HighlandersnounUS /ˈhaɪlændərz/

plural of “highlander” — a soldier in a Scottish regiment from the Highlands

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

issuingnounUS /ˈɪʃuːɪŋ/

the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity)

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

judgementnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

metropolisnounUS /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

northwardadverbUS /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

overlookedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

Preston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

Seaton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

Seaton-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading One of the low coast-roads to Edinburgh passed through this plain, issuing upon it from the enclosures of Seaton-house, and at the town or village of Preston again entering the defiles of an enclosed country.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the Highlanders reached the heights above the plain described, they were immediately formed in army of battle along the brow of the hill.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE EVE OF BATTLE Although the Highlanders marched on very fast, the sun was declining when they arrived upon the brow of those high grounds which command an open and extensive plain stretching northward to the sea, on which are situated, but at a considerable distance from each other, the small villages of Seaton and Cockenzie, and the larger one of Preston.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In this he was mistaken; for the sound judgement of the Chevalier, or of those to whose advice he listened, left the direct passage free, but occupied the strong ground by which it was overlooked and commanded.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading By this way the English general had chosen to approach the metropolis, both as most commodious for his cavalry, and being probably of opinion that, by doing so, he would meet in front with the Highlanders advancing from Edinburgh in the opposite direction.

Chapter 26 of Waverley by Walter Scott holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of Waverley contain?

Chapter 26 holds 142 sentences of Waverley, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of Waverley by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of Waverley?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Waverley

Common questions about reading Waverley by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Waverley?

Yes. All 5822 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2034 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Waverley is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2034, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Waverley take to read?

About 485 minutes of reading across 1165 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Waverley section by section

How to work through Waverley section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Waverley to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Waverley

Words and structures a reader meets early in Waverley, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Title
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chosen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Without
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.