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Waverley
Waverley

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Waverley is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.
Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.
There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.
Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.
'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Waverley

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Waverley is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.
Line 2
Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.
Line 3
There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.
Line 4
Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.
/ˈkɜːrnəl ˈtælbət ˈɔːfən enˈɡeɪdʒd hɪm ɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz əˈpɑːn ðə ˈdʒʌstəs ʌv ðə kɑːz hiː hæd ɪˈspaʊzd/
Line 5
'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.
/nɑːt hiː sed ðæt ɪt ɪz ˈpɑːsəbəl fɔːr juː tuː kwɪt ɪt æt ðɪs ˈprezənt ˈmoʊmənt fɔːr kʌm wʌt wɪl juː mʌst stænd baɪ jɔːr ræʃ enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complains verb US /kəmˈpleɪnz/

third-person singular of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.”

conjectures noun US /kənˈdʒektʃərz/

plural of “conjecture” — a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence)

From this reading “There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.”

discussions noun US /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading “Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.”

dubious adjective US /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading “There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.”

espoused verb US /ɪˈspaʊzd/

past form of “espouse” — choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading “Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.”

hero's noun US /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading “A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.”

levity noun US /ˈlevɪti/

feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness

From this reading “A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.”

lyric adjective US /ˈlɪrɪk/

expressing deep emotion

From this reading “Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

aggravations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

Bradwardine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

BRAVEadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

complainsverbUS /kəmˈpleɪnz/

third-person singular of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

conjecturesnounUS /kənˈdʒektʃərz/

plural of “conjecture” — a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence)

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

discussionsnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

dubiousadjectiveUS /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

espousedverbUS /ɪˈspaʊzd/

past form of “espouse” — choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

feelinglyadverb

with great feeling

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

FloranounUS /ˈflɔːrə/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

griefs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

hero'snounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

levitynounUS /ˈlevɪti/

feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

lyricadjectiveUS /ˈlɪrɪk/

expressing deep emotion

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

MANnounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

pledgedadjectiveUS /pledʒd/

bound by or as if by an oath

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

quitverbUS /kwɪt/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

rashnounUS /ræʃ/

any red eruption of the skin

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

remindverbUS /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

sentimentaladjectiveUS /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

SORROWnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

TalbotnounUS /ˈtælbət/

English inventor and pioneer in photography who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

unpardonableadjective

not admitting of pardon

From this reading A BRAVE MAN IN SORROW If my fair readers should be of opinion that my hero's levity in love is altogether unpardonable, I must remind them that all his griefs and difficulties did not arise from that sentimental source.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Colonel Talbot often engaged him in discussions upon the justice of the cause he had espoused.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

Waverley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

Waverley-Honour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Even the lyric poet, who complains so feelingly of the pains of love, could not forget, that, at the same time, he was 'in debt and in drink,' which, doubtless, were great aggravations of his distress.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading There were indeed whole days in which Waverley thought neither of Flora nor Rose Bradwardine, but which were spent in melancholy conjectures on the probable state of matters at Waverley-Honour, and the dubious issue of the civil contest in which he was pledged.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 'Not,' he said, 'that it is possible for you to quit it at this present moment, for, come what will, you must stand by your rash engagement.

Chapter 31 of Waverley by Walter Scott holds 139 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Waverley contain?

Chapter 31 holds 139 sentences of Waverley, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Waverley by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 139 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Waverley?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Waverley

Common questions about reading Waverley by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Waverley?

Yes. All 5822 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2034 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Waverley is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2034, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Waverley take to read?

About 485 minutes of reading across 1165 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Waverley section by section

How to work through Waverley section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Waverley to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Waverley

Words and structures a reader meets early in Waverley, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Title
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chosen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Without
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Waverley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.