1660
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
4.1
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
4.2
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
4.3
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
Arte
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
marked by strong resentment or cynicism
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
Bolognese
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
plural of “boy” — a youthful male person
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
Braschi
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
showing who or what does the action
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
causticadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstɪk/
harsh or corrosive in tone
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
a period of 100 years
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
definite but not specified or identified
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
characteristicsnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/
plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
clergynounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒi/
in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
clownnounUS /klaʊn/
a rude or vulgar fool
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
cobblernounUS /ˈkɑːblər/
a person who makes or repairs shoes
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
combineverbUS /ˈkɑːmbaɪn/
have or possess in combination
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
Commedia
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
being joined in close association
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
without stop or interruption
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
the event of dying or departure from life
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
dellnounUS /del/
a small wooded hollow
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
a licensed medical practitioner
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
earlier in time; previously
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
effusions
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
a division of the United Kingdom
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
firmly closed or secured
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/
coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
folliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/
a revue with elaborate costuming
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
a printed note placed below the text on a printed page
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
the part of the face above the eyes
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
Gratiano
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
ironynounUS /ˈaɪrəni/
witty language used to convey insults or scorn
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
a native or inhabitant of Italy
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
lashedverbUS /læʃt/
past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
maskverbUS /mæsk/
hide under a false appearance
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
mutilatedadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/
having a part of the body crippled or disabled
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
Navona
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
near in time or place or relationship
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
and nothing more
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
a large and stately mansion
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
the local environment
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
Pasquarello
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
Pasquillo
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
Pasquino
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
pedanticadjectiveUS /pəˈdæntɪk/
marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects
From this reading His _role_ was that of a "pedantic and tedious poser."]
performancesnounUS /pərˈfɔːrmənsəz/
plural of “performance” — a dramatic or musical entertainment
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
PiazzanounUS /piˈæzə/
a public square with room for pedestrians
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
(of games) engaged in
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
the act of playing a musical instrument
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
posernounUS /ˈpoʊzər/
a person who habitually pretends to be something he is not
From this reading His _role_ was that of a "pedantic and tedious poser."]
a customary way of operation or behavior
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/
represented accurately or precisely
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
RestorationnounUS /ˌrestərˈeɪʃən/
the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
rolenounUS /roʊl/
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group
From this reading His _role_ was that of a "pedantic and tedious poser."]
RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/
relating to or characteristic of people of Rome
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
satirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/
witty language used to convey insults or scorn
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
satiricadjectiveUS /səˈtɪrɪk/
exposing human folly to ridicule
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
scathingadjectiveUS /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/
marked by harshly abusive criticism
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
do one's shopping
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
to a small degree or extent
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
statuenounUS /ˈstætʃuː/
a sculpture representing a human or animal
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
stingingnounUS /ˈstɪŋɪŋ/
a kind of pain; something as sudden and painful as being stung
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
Maintained an upright posture.
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
of the kind already mentioned
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
tediousadjectiveUS /ˈtiːdiəs/
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
From this reading His _role_ was that of a "pedantic and tedious poser."]
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading His _role_ was that of a "pedantic and tedious poser."]
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading [Footnote 4.1: Female parts continued to be played by boys in England down to the Restoration (1660).
transferredverbUS /trænˈsfɜːrd/
inflected form of “transfer” — transfer somebody to a different position or location of work
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
undoubtedlyadverbUS /ənˈdaʊtɪdli/
without doubt; certainly
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
vicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/
plural of “vice” — moral weakness
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading After his death his name was transferred to a mutilated statue, upon which such satiric effusions continued to be fastened.
belonging to which person
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
From this reading He lashed the follies of his day, particularly the vices of the clergy, with caustic satire, scathing wit, and bitter stinging irony.
in the company of; together with
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
From this reading The practice of women playing in female parts was introduced somewhat earlier in Italy, but only in certain kinds of performances.]
a unit of language that native speakers can identify
From this reading [Footnote 4.2: This word is undoubtedly connected with _Pasquillo_ (a satire), or with _Pasquino_, a Roman cobbler of the fifteenth century, whose shop stood near the Braschi Palace, near the Piazza Navona.
inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in
From this reading [Footnote 4.3: Doctor Gratiano, a character in the popular Italian theatre called _Commedia dell' Arte_, was represented as a Bolognese doctor, and wore a mask with black nose and forehead and red cheeks.
used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past
From this reading Pasquarello would thus combine the characteristics of the English clown with those of the Roman Pasquino.]
