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Wessex Tales
Wessex Tales

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Wessex Tales is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wessex Tales
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.
Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situatethe stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.
Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunkfor she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particularsGertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.
Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.
Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wessex Tales

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Wessex Tales is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.
/æt ðɪs deɪt ənd fɔːr ˈsevrəl jɪrz ˈæftər ðer wɑːz ə ˈhæŋmən tuː ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈevəri dʒeɪl/
Line 2
Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situatethe stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.
Line 3
Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunkfor she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particularsGertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.
Line 4
Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.
/ˈpæsɪŋ ðʌs ðə ˈaʊtskɜːrts ʌv ðə dʒeɪl ʃiː dɪˈsɜːrnd ɑːn ðə ˈlevəl ruːf ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɡeɪtweɪ θriː rekˈtæŋɡjələr laɪnz əˈɡenst ðə skaɪ wer ðə speks hæd bɪn ˈmuːvɪŋ ɪn hɜːr ˈdɪstənt vjuː ʃiː ˈrekəɡnaɪzd wʌt ðə ɪˈrekʃən wɑːz ənd pæst ˈkwɪkli ɑːn/
Line 5
Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.
/əˈnʌðər ˈhʌndrəd jɑːrdz brɔːt hɜːr tuː ðə ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənərz haʊs wɪtʃ ə bɔɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ɪt stʊd kloʊs tuː ðə seɪm striːm ənd wɑːz hɑːrd baɪ ə wiːr ðə ˈwɔːtərz ʌv wɪtʃ ɪˈmɪtəd ə ˈstedi rɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

erection noun US /ɪˈrekʃən/

an erect penis

From this reading “Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.”

executioner's noun US /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənərz/

possessive form of “executioner” — an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

hangman noun US /ˈhæŋmən/

an executioner who hangs the condemned person

From this reading “At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.”

meads noun US /miːdz/

plural of “mead” — United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading “Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.”

rectangular adjective US /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading “Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.”

situate verb US /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪt/

determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey

From this reading “Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.”

specks noun US /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading “Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.”

weir noun US /wiːr/

a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow

From this reading “Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

ascertainedadjectiveUS /ˌæsərˈteɪnd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

Casterbridge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

discernedverbUS /dɪˈsɜːrnd/

past form of “discern” — detect with the senses

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

drunkadjectiveUS /drʌŋk/

stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

emittedverbUS /ɪˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “emit” — expel (gases or odors)

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

erectionnounUS /ɪˈrekʃən/

an erect penis

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

executioner'snounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənərz/

possessive form of “executioner” — an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

gatewaynounUS /ˈɡeɪtweɪ/

an entrance that can be closed by a gate

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

Gertrude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

hangmannounUS /ˈhæŋmən/

an executioner who hangs the condemned person

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

Holmstoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

jailnounUS /dʒeɪl/

a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

meadsnounUS /miːdz/

plural of “mead” — United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

outskirtsnounUS /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

PassingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

rectangularadjectiveUS /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

self-same

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

situateverbUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪt/

determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

specksnounUS /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

steadyverbUS /ˈstedi/

make steady

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

Stickleford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

water-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

wateredadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːtərd/

(of silk fabric) having a wavelike pattern

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Having changed her dress, and before she had eaten or drunk—for she could not take her ease till she had ascertained some particulars—Gertrude pursued her way by a path along the water-side to the cottage indicated.

weirnounUS /wiːr/

a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Passing thus the outskirts of the jail, she discerned on the level roof over the gateway three rectangular lines against the sky, where the specks had been moving in her distant view; she recognized what the erection was, and passed quickly on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Gertrude found, on inquiry, that the Casterbridge official dwelt in a lonely cottage by a deep slow river flowing under the cliff on which the prison buildings were situate—the stream being the self-same one, though she did not know it, which watered the Stickleford and Holmstoke meads lower down in its course.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading Another hundred yards brought her to the executioner’s house, which a boy pointed out It stood close to the same stream, and was hard by a weir, the waters of which emitted a steady roar.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading At this date, and for several years after, there was a hangman to almost every jail.

Chapter 8 of Wessex Tales by Thomas Hardy holds 70 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Wessex Tales contain?

Chapter 8 holds 70 sentences of Wessex Tales, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Wessex Tales by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 70 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Wessex Tales?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wessex Tales

Common questions about reading Wessex Tales by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wessex Tales?

Yes. All 3318 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3056 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wessex Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3056, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wessex Tales take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 664 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wessex Tales section by section

How to work through Wessex Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Wessex Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wessex Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wessex Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eighty-cow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wessex Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dairy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wessex Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Troop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wessex Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Milkers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wessex Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.