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West of the sun
West of the sun

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of West of the sun is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for West of the sun
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.
CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?
PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.
DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.
SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

West of the sun

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of West of the sun is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.
Line 2
CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?
Line 3
PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.
Line 4
DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.
Line 5
SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alien adjective US /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

anthropologist noun US /ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒəst/

a social scientist who specializes in anthropology

From this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

basic adjective US /ˈbeɪsɪk/

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis

From this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

dutifully adverb US /ˈduːtifəli/

out of a sense of duty; in a dutiful manner

From this reading “PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.”

leeds noun US /liːdz/

a city on the River Aire in West Yorkshire in northern England; a center of the clothing industry

From this reading “DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.”

scientist noun US /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading “SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.”

sears verb US /sɪrz/

third-person singular of “sear” — make very hot and dry

From this reading “SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.”

wright noun US /raɪt/

United States writer of detective novels (1888-1939)

From this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

alien race adjective + noun

In this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

On earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.”

best friend noun + noun

the one friend who is closest to you

In this reading “PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.”

some things adjective + noun

In this reading “DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.”

believed in verb + particle counted as “believe in”

have a firm conviction as to the goodness of something

In this reading “CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2056

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

alienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

anthropologistnounUS /ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒəst/

a social scientist who specializes in anthropology

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

basicadjectiveUS /ˈbeɪsɪk/

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

CHRISTOPHERnounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

DOROTHY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

DR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

dutifullyadverbUS /ˈduːtifəli/

out of a sense of duty; in a dutiful manner

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

goodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

LEEDSnounUS /liːdz/

a city on the River Aire in West Yorkshire in northern England; a center of the clothing industry

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

MASONnounUS /ˈmeɪsən/

American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

OLIPHANT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

PAULnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

planetnounUS /ˈplænət/

(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

red-green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

scientistnounUS /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

SEARSverbUS /sɪrz/

third-person singular of “sear” — make very hot and dry

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading DOROTHY LEEDS--Paul was her husband, but she knew there were some things more important than love.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On earth it was 2056 A.D. but on the red-green planet it was _There were only six human beings_-- DR.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading SEARS OLIPHANT--the gentle scientist who inspired love in an alien.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PAUL MASON--he dutifully shared his wife with his best friend.

WRIGHTnounUS /raɪt/

United States writer of detective novels (1888-1939)

From this reading CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, anthropologist--he believed in man's basic goodness ... but could he put his trust in an alien race?

Chapter 1 of West of the sun by Edgar Pangborn holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of West of the sun contain?

Chapter 1 holds 414 sentences of West of the sun, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of West of the sun by Edgar Pangborn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of West of the sun?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading West of the sun

Common questions about reading West of the sun by Edgar Pangborn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of West of the sun?

Yes. All 5853 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39572 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of West of the sun is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39572, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does West of the sun take to read?

About 487 minutes of reading across 1171 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read West of the sun section by section

How to work through West of the sun section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of West of the sun to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in West of the sun

Words and structures a reader meets early in West of the sun, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Earth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of West of the sun; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Red-green
A word that appears in the opening chapter of West of the sun; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Planet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of West of the sun; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of West of the sun; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.