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Western Characters
Western Characters

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Western Characters is here in full — 463 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
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Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.
Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.
If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.
It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.
The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Western Characters

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Western Characters is here in full — 463 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.
/ˈprɑːtəstənt ˈmɪnəstərz ʌv ðə ˈɡɑːspəl wɜːr fjuː ɪn ðoʊz deɪz ənd ðə wɜːrdz ʌv fɔːrm wɜːr ˈjuːʒəwəli ˈspoʊkən baɪ ə ˈdʒeʒuːɪt ˈmɪʃəneri/
Line 2
Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.
Line 3
If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.
Line 4
It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.
Line 5
The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Catholicism noun US /kəˈθɔːləsɪzəm/

the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church

From this reading “Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.”

Jesuit noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading “Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.”

left-handed adjective US /ˌleftˈhændɪd/

using or intended for the left hand

From this reading “It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.”

mythical adjective US /ˈmɪθəkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading “Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.”

Pioneer noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.”

prairies noun US /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading “The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.”

refinements noun US /rɪˈfaɪnmənts/

plural of “refinement” — a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading “The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

appointmentnounUS /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

CatholicismnounUS /kəˈθɔːləsɪzəm/

the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

functionsnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

gospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

hac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

JesuitnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

left-handedadjectiveUS /ˌleftˈhændɪd/

using or intended for the left hand

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

marriagesnounUS /ˈmerɪdʒɪz/

plural of “marriage” — the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

ministersnounUS /ˈmɪnəstərz/

plural of “minister” — a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

missionarynounUS /ˈmɪʃəneri/

someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

mythicaladjectiveUS /ˈmɪθəkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

objectionsnounUS /əbˈdʒekʃənz/

plural of “objection” — the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

PioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

prairiesnounUS /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

pronounUS /proʊ/

an athlete who plays for pay

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

procuredverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrd/

past form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

ProtestantnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

refinementsnounUS /rɪˈfaɪnmənts/

plural of “refinement” — a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

sagacitynounUS /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

The quality of being sagacious; keen wisdom and sound judgment. (Sự minh triết, sự sáng suốt.)

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

scandalnounUS /ˈskændəl/

disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

tempore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading If neither of these could be procured, the father of the bride, himself, sometimes assumed the functions, _pro hac vice_, or _pro tempore_, of minister or justice.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

vowverbUS /vaʊ/

make a vow; promise

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Or, if the Pioneer had objections to Catholicism--as many had--his place was supplied by some justice of the peace, of doubtful powers and mythical appointment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was always understood, however, that such left-handed marriages were to be confirmed by the first minister who wandered to the frontier: and, even when the opportunity did not offer for many months, no scandal ever arose--the marriage vow was never broken.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Protestant ministers of the gospel were few in those days; and the words of form were usually spoken by a Jesuit missionary.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The pioneers were simple people--the refinements of high cultivation had not yet penetrated the forests or crossed the prairies--and good faith and virtue were as common as courage and sagacity.

Chapter 3 of Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel holds 463 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Western Characters contain?

Chapter 3 holds 463 sentences of Western Characters, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 463 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Western Characters?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Western Characters

Common questions about reading Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Western Characters?

Yes. All 2645 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Western Characters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23155, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Western Characters take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 529 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Western Characters section by section

How to work through Western Characters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Western Characters to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Western Characters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Western Characters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Talbot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vernon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glenns
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.