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Western Characters
Western Characters

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Western Characters is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/91 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.
It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.
But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.
The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.
Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Western Characters

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Western Characters is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.
Line 2
It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.
Line 3
But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.
/bʌt ðə lʌv ʌv piːs wɑːz nɑːt əˈkʌmpənid ɪn ðɪs ˈkerɪktər æz ɪt ˈjuːʒəwəli ɪz baɪ ˈmɜːrsɪfəl ˈdʒʌdʒmənt fɔːr æz hiː wɑːz ˈveri swɪft ɪn dɪˈtɜːrmənɪŋ ə ˈprɪzənərz ɡɪlt hiː wɑːz ˈiːkwəli ˈrɪdʒəd ɪn ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈpenəlti/
Line 4
The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.
/ðə ˌeˈnæktmənts ʌv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl koʊd wɜːr ˈdʒenərəli soʊ ˈwɜːrdɪd æz tuː ɡɪv sʌm skoʊp fɔːr ðə ˈeksərsaɪz ʌv ə kəmˈpæʃənət ənd ˌenˈlaɪtənd dɪˈskreʃən bʌt wen ðə dɪˈsɪʒən leɪ ɪn ðə brest ʌv ˈaʊər ˈdʒʌstəs ɪf hiː əˈdʒʌdʒd ˈeni ˈpʌnɪʃmənt æt ɔːl ɪt wɑːz ˈjuːʒəwəli ðə səˈvɪrəst prəˈvaɪdɪd fɔːr baɪ ðə ˈstætʃuːt/
Line 5
Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjudged verb US /əˈdʒʌdʒd/

past form of “adjudge” — declare to be

From this reading “The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.”

benefited verb US /ˈbenəfɪtɪd/

past form of “benefit” — derive a benefit from

From this reading “The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.”

discourages verb US /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “discourage” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading “The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.”

enactments noun US /ˌeˈnæktmənts/

plural of “enactment” — the passing of a law by a legislative body

From this reading “The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.”

infused verb US /ˌɪnˈfjuːzd/

past form of “infuse” — teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions

From this reading “The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.”

irregularities noun US /ˌɪreɡjəˈlerətiz/

plural of “irregularity” — behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality

From this reading “The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.”

litigation noun US /ˌlɪtəˈɡeɪʃən/

a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights

From this reading “The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.”

worded verb US /ˈwɜːrdɪd/

past form of “word” — put into words or an expression

From this reading “The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

actuatedadjective

moved to action

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

adjudgedverbUS /əˈdʒʌdʒd/

past form of “adjudge” — declare to be

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

benefitedverbUS /ˈbenəfɪtɪd/

past form of “benefit” — derive a benefit from

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

codenounUS /koʊd/

a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

compassionateverbUS /kəmˈpæʃənət/

share the suffering of

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

determiningadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənɪŋ/

having the power or quality of deciding

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

discouragesverbUS /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “discourage” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

discretionnounUS /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

emoluments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

enactmentsnounUS /ˌeˈnæktmənts/

plural of “enactment” — the passing of a law by a legislative body

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

failuresnounUS /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

forgivenverbUS /fərˈɡɪvən/

inflected form of “forgive” — stop blaming or grant forgiveness

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

guiltnounUS /ɡɪlt/

the state of having committed an offense

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

Half-measures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

infusedverbUS /ˌɪnˈfjuːzd/

past form of “infuse” — teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

irregularitiesnounUS /ˌɪreɡjəˈlerətiz/

plural of “irregularity” — behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

litigationnounUS /ˌlɪtəˈɡeɪʃən/

a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

mercifuladjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrsɪfəl/

showing or giving mercy

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

penaltynounUS /ˈpenəlti/

the act of punishing

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

prisoner'snounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

possessive form of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

proceedingnounUS /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

rigidadjectiveUS /ˈrɪdʒəd/

incapable of or resistant to bending

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

severestadjectiveUS /səˈvɪrəst/

superlative of “severe” — intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

statutenounUS /ˈstætʃuːt/

an act passed by a legislative body

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

suitedadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtɪd/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Half-measures were not adapted to the temper of the times or the character of the people; indeed, they are suited to _no_ people, and are signal failures at all times, in all circumstances.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But the love of peace was not accompanied, in this character, as it usually is, by merciful judgment, for, as he was very swift in determining a prisoner's guilt, he was equally rigid in imposing the penalty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The man who thus discourages litigation at the expense of his own official emoluments, may be forgiven a few irregularities of proceeding, in consideration of the good he effects; for although under such a system it was seldom that either party obtained his full and just rights, both were always benefited by the spirit of peace infused into the community.

wordedverbUS /ˈwɜːrdɪd/

past form of “word” — put into words or an expression

From this reading The enactments of the criminal code were generally so worded as to give some scope for the exercise of a compassionate and enlightened discretion; but when the decision lay in the breast of our justice, if he adjudged any punishment at all, it was usually the severest provided for by the statute.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would, perhaps, be well for the country now, were our legal officers actuated by the same motives; unfortunately, however, such men belong only to primitive times.

Chapter 5 of Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel holds 458 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Western Characters contain?

Chapter 5 holds 458 sentences of Western Characters, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 458 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Western Characters?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Western Characters

Common questions about reading Western Characters by John Ludlum McConnel on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Western Characters?

Yes. All 2645 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Western Characters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23155, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Western Characters take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 529 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Western Characters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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Vocabulary met early in Western Characters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Western Characters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Talbot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vernon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glenns
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Western Characters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.