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Westways: A Village Chronicle
Westways: A Village Chronicle

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Westways: A Village Chronicle
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.
He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.
The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.
In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.
This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Westways: A Village Chronicle

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.
Line 2
He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.
/hiː meɪd ə ˈklɪrɪŋ ənd lɪvd ə hɑːrd laɪf ʌv ˈperəl ˈwerəli ˈweɪtɪŋ fɔːr ðə tʃɑːrd stʌmps tuː rɑːt əˈweɪ/
Line 3
The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.
/ðə ˈjʌŋɡər men ʌv ðə neɪm ɪn kəˈloʊniəl deɪz ənd ˈleɪtər left ðə pleɪs ˈɜːrli ənd fɔːr ðə moʊst pɑːrt tʊk tuː ðə siː ɔːr tuː ðə ˈɑːrmi ɪf ðer wɜːr ækˈtɪvəti ɪn ðə weɪ ʌv wɔːr/
Line 4
In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.
Line 5
This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.
/ðɪs stɜːr ʌv ˈentərpraɪz ɪn ə briːd tendz tuː ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən ɪn ðə meɪl laɪnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

charred verb US /tʃɑːrd/

inflected form of “char” — burn to charcoal

From this reading “He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.”

Colonial adjective US /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading “The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.”

extinction noun US /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/

no longer active; extinguished

From this reading “This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.”

migration noun US /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

the movement of persons from one country or locality to another

From this reading “In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.”

rot noun US /rɑːt/

a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

From this reading “He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.”

stumps noun US /stʌmps/

plural of “stump” — the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled

From this reading “He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.”

tends verb US /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.”

westward adverb US /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading “In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

Alleghanies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

charredverbUS /tʃɑːrd/

inflected form of “char” — burn to charcoal

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

ColonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

extinctionnounUS /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/

no longer active; extinguished

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

IndependencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

malenounUS /meɪl/

an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

migrationnounUS /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

the movement of persons from one country or locality to another

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

Penhallow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

rotnounUS /rɑːt/

a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

stumpsnounUS /stʌmps/

plural of “stump” — the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

tendsverbUS /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This stir of enterprise in a breed tends to extinction in the male lines.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

wearilyadverbUS /ˈwerəli/

in a weary manner

From this reading He made a clearing and lived a hard life of peril, wearily waiting for the charred stumps to rot away.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The first Penhallow crossed the Alleghanies long before the War for Independence and on the frontier of civilisation took up land where the axe was needed for the forest and the rifle for the Indian.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In later years, others drifted westward on the tide of border migration, where adventure was always to be had.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading The younger men of the name in Colonial days and later left the place early, and for the most part took to the sea or to the army, if there were activity in the way of war.

Chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle by S. Weir (Silas Weir) Mitchell holds 230 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle contain?

Chapter 1 holds 230 sentences of Westways: A Village Chronicle, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle by S. Weir (Silas Weir) Mitchell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 230 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Westways: A Village Chronicle?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Westways: A Village Chronicle

Common questions about reading Westways: A Village Chronicle by S. Weir (Silas Weir) Mitchell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Westways: A Village Chronicle?

Yes. All 12377 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14153 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Westways: A Village Chronicle is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14153, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Westways: A Village Chronicle take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2476 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Westways: A Village Chronicle section by section

How to work through Westways: A Village Chronicle section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Westways: A Village Chronicle to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Westways: A Village Chronicle

Words and structures a reader meets early in Westways: A Village Chronicle, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Westways: A Village Chronicle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Penhallow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Westways: A Village Chronicle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crossed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Westways: A Village Chronicle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alleghanies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Westways: A Village Chronicle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.