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What I Saw in America
What I Saw in America

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of What I Saw in America is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for What I Saw in America
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.
The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.
I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.
It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.
It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What I Saw in America

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of What I Saw in America is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.
/ˈɑːdli ɪˈnʌf æz ɪt siːmz tuː miː hiː prəˈpoʊzɪz ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈkɑːzmɪk ˈkɑːnkwests fɔːr ðə əˈmerəkən ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən waɪl ˈliːvɪŋ aʊt ðə moʊst səkˈsesfəl θɪŋ ɪn ðæt ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/
Line 2
The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.
/ðə pɔɪnt əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈænsər tuː ə ˈkwestʃən wɪtʃ ˈmeni laɪk ˌmaɪˈself mʌst hæv pʊt ɪn ðɪs ˈmætər ðə ˈkwestʃən ʌv ˈdespətɪzəm ənd dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/
Line 3
I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.
Line 4
It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.
/ɪt ɪz hɑːrd ɪˈnʌf ˈeniwer tuː ɡet ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz tuː ˌreprɪˈzent/
Line 5
It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conquests noun US /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading “Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.”

cosmic adjective US /ˈkɑːzmɪk/

of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe

From this reading “Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.”

democracy noun US /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading “The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.”

democrat noun US /ˈdeməkræt/

a member of the Democratic Party

From this reading “I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.”

despotism noun US /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading “The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.”

indirect adjective US /ˌɪndərˈekt/

having intervening factors or persons or influences

From this reading “I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.”

proposes verb US /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.”

representatives noun US /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading “It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

conquestsnounUS /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

ConstitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

cosmicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːzmɪk/

of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

councillors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

democracynounUS /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

democratnounUS /ˈdeməkræt/

a member of the Democratic Party

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

fulfilverbUS /fʊlˈfɪl/

put in effect

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

indirectadjectiveUS /ˌɪndərˈekt/

having intervening factors or persons or influences

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

kickverbUS /kɪk/

drive or propel with the foot

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

OddlyadverbUS /ˈɑːdli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

proposesverbUS /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

representativesnounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading It is hard enough anywhere to get representatives to represent.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

townsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading I cannot understand any democrat not seeing the danger of so distant and indirect a system of government.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The point appeared in answer to a question which many, like myself, must have put in this matter; the question of despotism and democracy.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Oddly enough, as it seems to me, he proposes almost cosmic conquests for the American Constitution, while leaving out the most successful thing in that Constitution.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading It is hard enough to get a little town council to fulfil the wishes of a little town, even when the townsmen meet the town councillors every day in the street, and could kick them down the street if they liked.

Chapter 8 of What I Saw in America by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of What I Saw in America contain?

Chapter 8 holds 410 sentences of What I Saw in America, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of What I Saw in America by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of What I Saw in America?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What I Saw in America

Common questions about reading What I Saw in America by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What I Saw in America?

Yes. All 3694 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27250 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What I Saw in America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27250, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What I Saw in America take to read?

About 307 minutes of reading across 739 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What I Saw in America section by section

How to work through What I Saw in America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of What I Saw in America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What I Saw in America

Words and structures a reader meets early in What I Saw in America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lincoln
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What I Saw in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Causes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What I Saw in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wells
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What I Saw in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What I Saw in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.