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What Is Man? and Other Essays
What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.
Sometimes a temperament is an ass.
When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.
Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.
Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.
/ˈveri wel ˈsɜːrkəmstæns ˈfɜːrnɪʃt ðə ˈkæpətəl ənd maɪ ˈtemprəmənt toʊld miː wʌt tuː duː wɪð ɪt/
Line 2
Sometimes a temperament is an ass.
/səmˈtaɪmz ə ˈtemprəmənt ɪz æn æs/
Line 3
When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.
/wen ðæt ɪz ðə keɪs ðə ˈoʊnər ʌv ɪt ɪz æn æs tuː ənd ɪz ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː rɪˈmeɪn wʌn/
Line 4
Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.
/ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən kæn ˌtempərˈerəli soʊ ˈpɑːlɪʃ hɪm ˌɪmˈpruːv hɪm ɪɡˈzɔːlt hɪm ðæt ˈpiːpəl wɪl θɪŋk hiː ɪz ə mjuːl bʌt ðeɪ wɪl biː mɪˈsteɪkən/
Line 5
Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.
/ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəli hiː ɪz ə mjuːl fɔːr ðə taɪm ˈbiːɪŋ bʌt æt ˈbɑːtəm hiː ɪz æn æs jet ənd wɪl rɪˈmeɪn wʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Artificially adverb US /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəli/

not according to nature; not by natural means

From this reading “Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.”

association noun US /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

exalt verb US /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

improve verb US /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

mule noun US /mjuːl/

hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

polish noun US /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

temperament noun US /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading “Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.”

temporarily adverb US /ˌtempərˈerəli/

for a limited time only; not permanently

From this reading “Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sometimes a temperament is an ass.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Sometimes a temperament is an ass.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

ArtificiallyadverbUS /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəli/

not according to nature; not by natural means

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

assnounUS /æs/

the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading Sometimes a temperament is an ass.

associationnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

CircumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

exaltverbUS /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

improveverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sometimes a temperament is an ass.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

mulenounUS /mjuːl/

hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

polishnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes a temperament is an ass.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

temporarilyadverbUS /ˌtempərˈerəli/

for a limited time only; not permanently

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

TrainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When that is the case the owner of it is an ass, too, and is going to remain one.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Training, experience, association, can temporarily so polish him, improve him, exalt him that people will think he is a mule, but they will be mistaken.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Very well, Circumstance furnished the capital, and my temperament told me what to do with it.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Artificially he IS a mule, for the time being, but at bottom he is an ass yet, and will remain one.

Chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 17 holds 180 sentences of What Is Man? and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays

Common questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Yes. All 5187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Is Man? and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Is Man? and Other Essays take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1038 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section

How to work through What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in What Is Man? and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Is Man? and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Machine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.