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What Is Man? and Other Essays
What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is a good name, JungfrauVirgin.
Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.
At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.
Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.
The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is a good name, JungfrauVirgin.
Line 2
Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.
Line 3
At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.
Line 4
Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.
/əˈperəntli ɪt wɑːz ə driːm stʌf ə wɜːrk ʌv ðə ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən ˈnʌθɪŋ riːl əˈbaʊt ɪt/
Line 5
The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.
/ðə tɪnt wɑːz ɡriːn ˈslaɪtli ˈveriɪŋ ʃeɪdz ʌv ɪt bʌt ˈmeɪnli ˈveri dɑːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bluish adjective US /ˈbluːɪʃ/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading “At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.”

haze noun US /heɪz/

atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility

From this reading “At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.”

intervening adjective US /ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ/

occurring or falling between events or points in time

From this reading “At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.”

purer adjective US /ˈpjʊrər/

comparative of “pure” — free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading “Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.”

shimmering verb US /ˈʃɪmərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shimmer” — shine with a weak or fitful light

From this reading “At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.”

tint noun US /tɪnt/

a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading “The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.”

varying adjective US /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading “The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.”

whiter adjective US /ˈwaɪtər/

comparative of “white” — being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light

From this reading “Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

ApparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

bluishadjectiveUS /ˈbluːɪʃ/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

hazenounUS /heɪz/

atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

interveningadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ/

occurring or falling between events or points in time

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

Jungfrau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

pureradjectiveUS /ˈpjʊrər/

comparative of “pure” — free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

saintlier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

shadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

shimmeringverbUS /ˈʃɪmərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shimmer” — shine with a weak or fitful light

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

substanceless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

tintnounUS /tɪnt/

a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

varyingadjectiveUS /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The tint was green, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very dark.

VirginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading It is a good name, Jungfrau—Virgin.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

whiteradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪtər/

comparative of “white” — being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light

From this reading Nothing could be whiter; nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of the imagination, nothing real about it.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading At six yesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faint bluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich it was, so shimmering where the wandering lights touched it and so dim where the shadows lay.

Chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain holds 178 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 21 holds 178 sentences of What Is Man? and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 178 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays

Common questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Yes. All 5187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Is Man? and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Is Man? and Other Essays take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1038 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section

How to work through What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What Is Man? and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Is Man? and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Machine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.