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What Is Man? and Other Essays
What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.
The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.
It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.
I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.
It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.
/aɪ hæv bɪn fəˈmɪljər wɪð ðæt striːt fɔːr jɪrz ənd hæd ˈɔːlweɪz səˈpoʊzd ɪt wɑːz ə ded ˈlevəl bʌt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt æz ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl naʊ ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd miː tuː maɪ sərˈpraɪz/
Line 2
The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.
Line 3
It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.
/ɪt ˈnoʊtəsəz ə raɪz wer jɔːr ənˈtreɪnd aɪ wʊd nɑːt əbˈzɜːrv ðæt wʌn ɪɡˈzɪstəd ɪt ˈnoʊtəsəz ˈeni dɪˈklaɪn wɪtʃ ˈwɔːtər wɪl rʌn daʊn/
Line 4
I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.
/aɪ wɑːz ˈtɔɪlɪŋ ʌp ə slaɪt raɪz bʌt wɑːz nɑːt əˈwer ʌv ɪt/
Line 5
It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.
/ɪt meɪd miː tʌɡ ənd pænt ənd pərˈspaɪr ənd stɪl ˈleɪbər æz aɪ maɪt ðə məˈʃiːn keɪm ˈɔːlmoʊst tuː ə ˈstændstɪl ˈevəri ˈlɪtəl waɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

detecting noun US /dɪˈtektɪŋ/

a police investigation to determine the perpetrator

From this reading “The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.”

notices noun US /ˈnoʊtəsəz/

plural of “notice” — an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading “It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.”

novice noun US /ˈnɑːvəs/

someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows

From this reading “The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.”

pant verb US /pænt/

breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

From this reading “It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.”

perspire verb US /pərˈspaɪr/

excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin

From this reading “It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.”

standstill noun US /ˈstændstɪl/

a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

From this reading “It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.”

untrained adjective US /ənˈtreɪnd/

not disciplined or conditioned or made adept by training

From this reading “It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.”

vanishing noun US /ˈvænɪʃɪŋ/

a sudden or mysterious disappearance

From this reading “The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

acuteadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːt/

having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

alertadjectiveUS /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

bicyclenounUS /ˈbaɪsɪkəl/

a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

detectingnounUS /dɪˈtektɪŋ/

a police investigation to determine the perpetrator

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

noticesnounUS /ˈnoʊtəsəz/

plural of “notice” — an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

novicenounUS /ˈnɑːvəs/

someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

pantverbUS /pænt/

breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

perspireverbUS /pərˈspaɪr/

excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

shadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.

spirit-level

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

standstillnounUS /ˈstændstɪl/

a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

toilingadjectiveUS /ˈtɔɪlɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.

tugverbUS /tʌɡ/

pull hard

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

untrainedadjectiveUS /ənˈtreɪnd/

not disciplined or conditioned or made adept by training

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I was toiling up a slight rise, but was not aware of it.

vanishingnounUS /ˈvænɪʃɪŋ/

a sudden or mysterious disappearance

From this reading The bicycle, in the hands of a novice, is as alert and acute as a spirit-level in the detecting of delicate and vanishing shades of difference in these matters.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It made me tug and pant and perspire; and still, labor as I might, the machine came almost to a standstill every little while.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I have been familiar with that street for years, and had always supposed it was a dead level; but it was not, as the bicycle now informed me, to my surprise.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It notices a rise where your untrained eye would not observe that one existed; it notices any decline which water will run down.

Chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain holds 167 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 28 holds 167 sentences of What Is Man? and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 167 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays

Common questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Yes. All 5187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Is Man? and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Is Man? and Other Essays take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1038 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section

How to work through What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of What Is Man? and Other Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What Is Man? and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Is Man? and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Machine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.