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What Is Man? and Other Essays
What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....
The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.
He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.
As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.
At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Is Man? and Other Essays

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’sperfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....
Line 2
The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.
Line 3
He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.
Line 4
As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.
Line 5
At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

axioms noun US /ˈæksiəmz/

plural of “axiom” — a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading “Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....”

illustrate verb US /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading “The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.”

illustration noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.”

incorrect adjective US /ˌɪnkərˈekt/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading “Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....”

maxims noun US /ˈmæksəmz/

plural of “maxim” — a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading “Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....”

metaphor noun US /ˈmetəfɔːr/

a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity

From this reading “At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.”

Shakespeare's noun US /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

technicalities noun US /ˌteknɪˈkælətiz/

plural of “technicality” — the state of being technical as in the use of technical terms or methods

From this reading “Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

axiomsnounUS /ˈæksiəmz/

plural of “axiom” — a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

familiaritynounUS /fəˌmɪˈljerəti/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

footingnounUS /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

incorrectadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkərˈekt/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

mastershipnoun

the skill of a master

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

maximsnounUS /ˈmæksəmz/

plural of “maxim” — a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

metaphornounUS /ˈmetəfɔːr/

a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

multifariousadjective

having many aspects or qualities

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

Penzance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

playsnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

Shakespeare'snounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

similenoun

a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with “like” or “as”)

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading He seems to have had a special pleasure in his complete and ready mastership of it in all its branches.

technicalitiesnounUS /ˌteknɪˈkælətiz/

plural of “technicality” — the state of being technical as in the use of technical terms or methods

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading At every turn and point at which the author required a metaphor, simile, or illustration, his mind ever turned _first_ to the law.

unexampledadjective

having no previous example or precedent or parallel

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The mode in which this knowledge was pressed into service on all occasions to express his meaning and illustrate his thoughts was quite unexampled.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading As manifested in the plays, this legal knowledge and learning had therefore a special character which places it on a wholly different footing from the rest of the multifarious knowledge which is exhibited in page after page of the plays.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Lord Penzance speaks of Shakespeare’s “perfect familiarity with not only the principles, axioms, and maxims, but the technicalities of English law, a knowledge so perfect and intimate that he was never incorrect and never at fault....

Chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain holds 190 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 31 holds 190 sentences of What Is Man? and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 190 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays

Common questions about reading What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Is Man? and Other Essays?

Yes. All 5187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Is Man? and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Is Man? and Other Essays take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1038 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section

How to work through What Is Man? and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of What Is Man? and Other Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What Is Man? and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Is Man? and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Machine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Is Man? and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.