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What Necessity Knows
What Necessity Knows

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for What Necessity Knows
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.
The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.
The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.
He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.
The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Necessity Knows

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.
/æt dɔːn beɪts keɪm daʊn ðə ˈlædər əˈɡen ənd went aʊt ˈkwaɪətli/
Line 2
The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.
/ðə nuː deɪ wɑːz fer ənd kɑːm nʌn ʌv hɪz fɪrz wɜːr fʊlˈfɪld/
Line 3
The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.
/ðə ded mæn maɪt stɑːrt əˈpɑːn hɪz ˈdʒɜːrni ənd beɪts nuː ðæt ðə stɑːrt mʌst biː æn ˈɜːrli wʌn/
Line 4
He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.
Line 5
The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.
/ðə stoʊnz ʌv ðə biːtʃ lʊkt blæk hiːr ənd ðer wɜːr bɪts ʌv braɪt ɡriːn mɔːs əˈpɑːn ðem boʊθ stoʊnz ənd mɔːs hæd ə ˈkoʊtɪŋ ʌv θɪn aɪs ðæt ˈɡlɪsənd ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ laɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bates verb US /beɪts/

third-person singular of “bate” — moderate or restrain; lessen the force of

From this reading “At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.”

coating noun US /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading “The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.”

glistened verb US /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading “The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.”

moss noun US /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading “The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.”

poles noun US /poʊlz/

plural of “pole” — a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading “He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.”

Saul noun US /sɔːl/

(Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)

From this reading “He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.”

storms noun US /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading “He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.”

water's noun US /ˈwɔːtərz/

possessive form of “water” — binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading “He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

BatesverbUS /beɪts/

third-person singular of “bate” — moderate or restrain; lessen the force of

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

bitsnounUS /bɪts/

plural of “bit” — a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

coatingnounUS /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

flat-bottomedadjective

having a flat bottom

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

fulfilledadjectiveUS /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

glistenedverbUS /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

laddernounUS /ˈlædər/

steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

long-handledadjective

having a long handle

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

oarsnounUS /ɔːrz/

plural of “oar” — an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

polesnounUS /poʊlz/

plural of “pole” — a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

SaulnounUS /sɔːl/

(Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The stones of the beach looked black: here and there were bits of bright green moss upon them: both stones and moss had a coating of thin ice that glistened in the morning light.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The dead man might start upon his journey, and Bates knew that the start must be an early one.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

water'snounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

possessive form of “water” — binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading At dawn Bates came down the ladder again, and went out quietly.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The new day was fair, and calm; none of his fears were fulfilled.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He and Saul, taking long-handled oars and poles, went down to the water's edge, where a big, flat-bottomed boat was lying drawn up on the shore to avoid the autumn storms.

Chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows by L. (Lily) Dougall holds 274 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows contain?

Chapter 4 holds 274 sentences of What Necessity Knows, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows by L. (Lily) Dougall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 274 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of What Necessity Knows?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Necessity Knows

Common questions about reading What Necessity Knows by L. (Lily) Dougall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Necessity Knows?

Yes. All 7271 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16398 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Necessity Knows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16398, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Necessity Knows take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1455 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Necessity Knows section by section

How to work through What Necessity Knows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of What Necessity Knows to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What Necessity Knows

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Necessity Knows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Necessity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Necessity Knows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Necessity Knows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Necessity Knows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Often
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Necessity Knows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.