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What Norman Saw in the West
What Norman Saw in the West

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for What Norman Saw in the West
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON THE RAIL.
All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”
Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.
Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.
After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What Norman Saw in the West

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE RAIL.
/ɑːn ðə reɪl/
Line 2
All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”
Line 3
Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.
Line 4
Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.
Line 5
After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appreciating verb US /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “appreciate” — recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

cinders noun US /ˈsɪndərz/

plural of “cinder” — a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire

From this reading ““All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.””

crackers adjective US /ˈkrækərz/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

grimy adjective US /ˈɡraɪmi/

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading ““All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.””

pattered verb US /ˈpætərd/

past form of “patter” — rain gently

From this reading ““All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.””

portico noun US /ˈpɔːrtəkoʊ/

a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area

From this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

rumbling noun US /ˈrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading ““All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.””

spires noun US /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.”

ON THE RAIL preposition + article + noun counted as “on … rail”

In this reading “ON THE RAIL.”

on the portico preposition + article + noun counted as “on … portico”

In this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

all day adjective + noun

In this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

in the evening preposition + article + noun counted as “in … evening”

In this reading “Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.”

in the carriage preposition + article + noun counted as “in … carriage”

In this reading “After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

appreciatingverbUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “appreciate” — recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

arousedadjectiveUS /ərˈaʊzd/

aroused to action

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

AuntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

Batavia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

candlesnounUS /ˈkændəlz/

plural of “candle” — stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

celebrateverbUS /ˈseləbreɪt/

behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

cindersnounUS /ˈsɪndərz/

plural of “cinder” — a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

Clara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

Clayton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

conveyverbUS /kənˈveɪ/

(of information) make known; pass on

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

crackersadjectiveUS /ˈkrækərz/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

EarlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

galenounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

good-bynoun

a farewell remark

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

grimyadjectiveUS /ˈɡraɪmi/

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

hailverbUS /heɪl/

praise vociferously

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

KeptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

Lester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE RAIL.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

patteredverbUS /ˈpætərd/

past form of “patter” — rain gently

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

porticonounUS /ˈpɔːrtəkoʊ/

a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

RAILnounUS /reɪl/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading ON THE RAIL.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

rumblingnounUS /ˈrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

ShrieksnounUS /ʃriːks/

plural of “shriek” — sharp piercing cry

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

spiresnounUS /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

swayingverbUS /ˈsweɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “sway” — move back and forth or sideways

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE RAIL.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Early, very early the next morning, the fifth of July, Mrs. Lester was aroused by the firing of cannon, to celebrate our national independence.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After breakfast Norman, his Aunt Clara, and his mother bade good-by, and got in the carriage which was to convey them to Batavia, the spires of which were visible from Mr. Clayton’s.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

whistleverbUS /ˈwɪsəl/

make whistling sounds

From this reading “All the while the swaying cars Kept rumbling o’er the rail, And the frequent whistle sent Shrieks of anguish to the gale; And the cinders pattered down On the grimy floor like hail.”

Willie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Norman and Willie had kept the third, by firing off crackers all day, and winding up with wheels, Roman candles, and blue lights, exhibited to an appreciating audience on the portico in the evening.

Chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West by Julia M. (Julia Matilda) Olin holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West contain?

Chapter 16 holds 72 sentences of What Norman Saw in the West, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West by Julia M. (Julia Matilda) Olin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of What Norman Saw in the West?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What Norman Saw in the West

Common questions about reading What Norman Saw in the West by Julia M. (Julia Matilda) Olin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What Norman Saw in the West?

Yes. All 1497 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57854 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What Norman Saw in the West is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57854, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What Norman Saw in the West take to read?

About 124 minutes of reading across 300 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What Norman Saw in the West section by section

How to work through What Norman Saw in the West section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of What Norman Saw in the West to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What Norman Saw in the West

Words and structures a reader meets early in What Norman Saw in the West, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Norman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Norman Saw in the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Norman Saw in the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Norman Saw in the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woodlawn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What Norman Saw in the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.