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What We Saw in Egypt
What We Saw in Egypt

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for What We Saw in Egypt
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.
The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."
It was founded by a general called Goher.
The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.
It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

What We Saw in Egypt

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.
/mɔːr saɪts ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ/
Line 2
The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."
Line 3
It was founded by a general called Goher.
Line 4
The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.
/ðə wɔːlz wɜːr bɪlt ʌv brɪk tɪl ðə taɪm ʌv ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈsælədɪn huː ɪˈrektəd stoʊn wɔːlz ɪn ðer pleɪs/
Line 5
It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brick noun US /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading “The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.”

cairo noun US /ˈkaɪroʊ/

a town at the southern tip of Illinois at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

From this reading “MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.”

corrupted adjective US /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading “The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."”

erected verb US /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading “The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.”

founded verb US /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading “It was founded by a general called Goher.”

Saladin noun US /ˈsælədɪn/

sultan of Syria and Egypt; reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187 but was defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion in 1191 (1137-1193)

From this reading “The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.”

sights noun US /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading “MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.”

Victorious adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading “The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stone walls noun + noun counted as “stone wall”

a fence built of rough stones; used to separate fields

In this reading “The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.”

get on verb + particle

have smooth relations

In this reading “It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

arrangeverbUS /ərˈeɪndʒ/

put into a proper or systematic order

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

CAIROnounUS /ˈkaɪroʊ/

a town at the southern tip of Illinois at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

From this reading MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

corruptedadjectiveUS /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

dragomannoun

an interpreter and guide in the Near East

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

elnounUS /el/

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

Goher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

Kaherah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

MOREadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.

Musr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

SaladinnounUS /ˈsælədɪn/

sultan of Syria and Egypt; reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187 but was defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion in 1191 (1137-1193)

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

SIGHTSnounUS /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading MORE SIGHTS IN CAIRO.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

VictoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was founded by a general called Goher.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The name Cairo is corrupted from Musr el Kaherah, which means the "Victorious City."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The walls were built of brick till the time of the famous Saladin, who erected stone walls in their place.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It is impossible to get on in Egypt without a dragoman to arrange everything and act as guide.

Chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt by Anonymous holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt contain?

Chapter 4 holds 113 sentences of What We Saw in Egypt, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt by Anonymous exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of What We Saw in Egypt?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading What We Saw in Egypt

Common questions about reading What We Saw in Egypt by Anonymous on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of What We Saw in Egypt?

Yes. All 1227 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32720 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of What We Saw in Egypt is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32720, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does What We Saw in Egypt take to read?

About 102 minutes of reading across 246 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read What We Saw in Egypt section by section

How to work through What We Saw in Egypt section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of What We Saw in Egypt to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in What We Saw in Egypt

Words and structures a reader meets early in What We Saw in Egypt, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Egypt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What We Saw in Egypt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Profusely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What We Saw in Egypt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What We Saw in Egypt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Welcome
A word that appears in the opening chapter of What We Saw in Egypt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.