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When It Was Dark
When It Was Dark

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of When It Was Dark is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for When It Was Dark
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.
Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.
The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.
"Time for the bell, William," he said.
The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

When It Was Dark

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of When It Was Dark is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.
Line 2
Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.
Line 3
The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.
/ðə klɜːrk ə smɔːl roʊˈtʌnd mæn ˈklerəkəl ɪn ˈæspekt ənd ˈwerɪŋ ə raʊnd felt hæt pʊld aʊt ə lɑːrdʒ ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd wɑːtʃ/
Line 4
"Time for the bell, William," he said.
Line 5
The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.
/ðə ˈpærɪʃ tʃɜːrtʃ wɑːz ə lɑːrdʒ ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ʃæm ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clerical adjective US /ˈklerəkəl/

of or relating to clerks

From this reading “The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.”

lettering noun US /ˈletərɪŋ/

letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading “Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.”

perpendicular noun US /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

a straight line at right angles to another line

From this reading “The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.”

Philemon noun US /fəˈleɪmən/

(Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety

From this reading “Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.”

rotund adjective US /roʊˈtʌnd/

spherical in shape

From this reading “The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.”

sexton noun US /ˈsekstən/

United States poet (1928-1974)

From this reading “Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.”

sham noun US /ʃæm/

something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be

From this reading “The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.”

tombstone noun US /ˈtuːmstoʊn/

a stone that is used to mark a grave

From this reading “Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

parish church noun + noun

In this reading “The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.”

pulled out verb + adjective counted as “pull out”

move out or away

In this reading “The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.”

felt hat verb + noun

a hat made of felt with a creased crown

In this reading “The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.”

large building adjective + noun

In this reading “The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.”

looked up verb + adjective counted as “look up”

seek information from

In this reading “Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.”

into the street preposition + article + noun counted as “into … street”

In this reading “Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

clericaladjectiveUS /ˈklerəkəl/

of or relating to clerks

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

Hinchcliffe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

ironworknoun

work made of iron (gratings or rails or railings etc)

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

letteringnounUS /ˈletərɪŋ/

letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

old-fashionedadjectiveUS /ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd/

out of fashion

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.

perpendicularnounUS /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

a straight line at right angles to another line

From this reading The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.

PhilemonnounUS /fəˈleɪmən/

(Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

rotundadjectiveUS /roʊˈtʌnd/

spherical in shape

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

sextonnounUS /ˈsekstən/

United States poet (1928-1974)

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

shamnounUS /ʃæm/

something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be

From this reading The parish church was a large building in sham perpendicular.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

tombstonenounUS /ˈtuːmstoʊn/

a stone that is used to mark a grave

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

trestles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

unlockedadjectiveUS /ənˈlɑːkt/

not firmly fastened or secured

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

vestrynoun

in the Protestant Episcopal Church: a committee elected by the congregation to work with the churchwardens in managing the temporal affairs of the church

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading The clerk, a small, rotund man, clerical in aspect, and wearing a round felt hat, pulled out a large, old-fashioned watch.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Mr. Hinchcliffe, the sexton, looked up as Mr. Philemon, the clerk, unlocked the great gates of open ironwork which led into the street.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Time for the bell, William," he said.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading Hinchcliffe was cutting the lettering on a tombstone, supported by heavy wooden trestles, under a little shed close to the vestry door of the church.

Chapter 1 of When It Was Dark by Guy Thorne holds 48 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of When It Was Dark contain?

Chapter 1 holds 48 sentences of When It Was Dark, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of When It Was Dark by Guy Thorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 48 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of When It Was Dark?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading When It Was Dark

Common questions about reading When It Was Dark by Guy Thorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of When It Was Dark?

Yes. All 6775 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39666 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of When It Was Dark is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39666, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does When It Was Dark take to read?

About 564 minutes of reading across 1355 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read When It Was Dark section by section

How to work through When It Was Dark section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of When It Was Dark to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in When It Was Dark

Words and structures a reader meets early in When It Was Dark, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hinchcliffe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When It Was Dark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sexton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When It Was Dark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Looked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When It Was Dark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Philemon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When It Was Dark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.