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When Polly Was Eighteen
When Polly Was Eighteen

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for When Polly Was Eighteen
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.
She wondered--and wondered hard.
If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!
The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.
It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

When Polly Was Eighteen

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.
Line 2
She wondered--and wondered hard.
Line 3
If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!
/ɪf ʃiː kʊd ˈoʊnli ˈfæðəm ðæt ˌɪnˈskruːtəbəl ɪkˈspreʃən/
Line 4
The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.
/ðə jʌŋ mæn stretʃt ɑːn ðə ɡræs əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈweɪvɪŋ ˈʃædoʊz wɑːz ˈɡeɪzɪŋ əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈvæli tuː ðə hɪlz ɪn ðer sɑːft ˌæftərˈnuːn ˈveɪlɪŋ/
Line 5
It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.
/ɪt wɑːz ə dʒuːn ˈpɪktʃər ˈbjuːtəfəl ɪˈnʌf tuː hoʊld ðə əˈtenʃən ʌv ˈeni wʌn jet ɪt wɑːz pleɪn ðæt ˈdeɪvɪdz θɔːts wɜːr nɑːt ɑːn ðə ˈlændskeɪp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

David's noun US /ˈdeɪvɪdz/

possessive form of “david” — patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

fathom verb US /ˈfæðəm/

come to understand

From this reading “If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!”

inscrutable adjective US /ˌɪnˈskruːtəbəl/

of an obscure nature

From this reading “If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!”

June noun US /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading “It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.”

landscape noun US /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading “It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.”

oak noun US /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading “Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.”

veiling noun US /ˈveɪlɪŋ/

a net of transparent fabric with a loose open weave

From this reading “The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.”

waving noun US /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading “The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

leaned back verb + particle counted as “lean back”

move the upper body backwards and down

In this reading “Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.”

across the valley preposition + article + noun counted as “across … valley”

In this reading “The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.”

great oak adjective + noun

In this reading “Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.”

eyes bent noun + noun

In this reading “Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She wondered--and wondered hard.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

David'snounUS /ˈdeɪvɪdz/

possessive form of “david” — patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

fathomverbUS /ˈfæðəm/

come to understand

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

gazingverbUS /ˈɡeɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading She wondered--and wondered hard.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

inscrutableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈskruːtəbəl/

of an obscure nature

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

leanedverbUS /liːnd/

past form of “lean” — to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

Polly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She wondered--and wondered hard.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If she could only fathom that inscrutable expression!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Polly leaned back against the great oak, her eyes bent on David’s face.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

veilingnounUS /ˈveɪlɪŋ/

a net of transparent fabric with a loose open weave

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading She wondered--and wondered hard.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It was a June picture beautiful enough to hold the attention of any one, yet it was plain that David’s thoughts were not on the landscape.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The young man, stretched on the grass among the waving shadows, was gazing across the valley to the hills in their soft afternoon veiling.

Chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen by Emma C. Dowd holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen contain?

Chapter 1 holds 136 sentences of When Polly Was Eighteen, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen by Emma C. Dowd exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of When Polly Was Eighteen?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading When Polly Was Eighteen

Common questions about reading When Polly Was Eighteen by Emma C. Dowd on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of When Polly Was Eighteen?

Yes. All 4786 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58512 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of When Polly Was Eighteen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58512, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does When Polly Was Eighteen take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 958 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read When Polly Was Eighteen section by section

How to work through When Polly Was Eighteen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of When Polly Was Eighteen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in When Polly Was Eighteen

Words and structures a reader meets early in When Polly Was Eighteen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Polly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When Polly Was Eighteen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leaned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When Polly Was Eighteen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When Polly Was Eighteen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of When Polly Was Eighteen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.