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White Ashes
White Ashes

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of White Ashes is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.
The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.
It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.
It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.
Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

White Ashes

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of White Ashes is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.
Line 2
The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.
/ðə ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs ˈpɜːrsənz enˈɡeɪdʒd ɪn ðɪs ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl ækˈtɪvəti hæv dɪˈveləpt ðer skɪl tuː sʌtʃ ə pɔɪnt ðæt ɪt siːmz ˈprɑːbəbəl ðæt ˈfʊli hæf ðer dɪˈsiːt ˈnevər kʌmz tuː laɪt æt ɔːl ənd ɪt ɪz ˈsɜːrtən ðæt ðer ˈprɑːdəkts ˈrerli ˈsʌfər mʌtʃ baɪ ˈkɑːntræst wɪð ðə θɪŋz wɪtʃ ðeɪ siːk tuː ˈɪməteɪt/
Line 3
It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.
Line 4
It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.
Line 5
Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antiques noun US /ænˈtiːks/

plural of “antique” — an elderly man

From this reading “There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.”

apocryphal adjective US /əˈpɑːkrəfəl/

being of questionable authenticity

From this reading “It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.”

artisans noun US /ˈɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “artisan” — a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

From this reading “There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.”

brasses noun US /ˈbræsɪz/

plural of “brass” — an alloy of copper and zinc

From this reading “There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.”

catering noun US /ˈkeɪtərɪŋ/

providing food and services

From this reading “Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.”

counterfeiter noun US /ˈkaʊntərfɪtər/

someone who makes copies illegally

From this reading “It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.”

reprehensible adjective US /ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading “The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.”

violins noun US /vaɪəˈlɪnz/

plural of “violin” — bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow

From this reading “There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

antiqueadjectiveUS /ænˈtiːk/

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

antiquesnounUS /ænˈtiːks/

plural of “antique” — an elderly man

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

apocryphaladjectiveUS /əˈpɑːkrəfəl/

being of questionable authenticity

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

appetitenounUS /ˈæpətaɪt/

a feeling of craving something

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

artisansnounUS /ˈɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “artisan” — a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

brassesnounUS /ˈbræsɪz/

plural of “brass” — an alloy of copper and zinc

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

busilyadverbUS /ˈbɪzəli/

in a busy manner

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

cateringnounUS /ˈkeɪtərɪŋ/

providing food and services

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

clocksnounUS /klɑːks/

European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

counterfeiternounUS /ˈkaʊntərfɪtər/

someone who makes copies illegally

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

deceitnounUS /dɪˈsiːt/

The action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth.

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

disappearsverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

failsverbUS /feɪlz/

third-person singular of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

imitateverbUS /ˈɪməteɪt/

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

legitimateadjectiveUS /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/

of marriages and offspring; recognized as lawful

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

LookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

makernounUS /ˈmeɪkər/

a person who makes things

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

manufactureverbUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃər/

put together out of artificial or natural components or parts

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

oddnessnoun

the parity of odd numbers (not divisible by two)

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

productnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkt/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

productsnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

reprehensibleadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

rugsnounUS /rʌɡz/

plural of “rug” — floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

skilledadjectiveUS /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Looked at more carefully, however, the oddness disappears, and these men are found to be catering to a most legitimate appetite--an appetite which had its origin deep in the early mind of the race, even though it is now, perhaps, passing from the control of one of man's senses into that of another.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It is, at first thought, a strange business--not so strange that men should give their lives to it as that there should be so much demand for a purely apocryphal product.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

violinsnounUS /vaɪəˈlɪnz/

plural of “violin” — bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is only when the maker of the original was a great master that his modern counterfeiter fails--and not always then.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The ingenious persons engaged in this reprehensible activity have developed their skill to such a point that it seems probable that fully half their deceit never comes to light at all, and it is certain that their products rarely suffer much by contrast with the things which they seek to imitate.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading There are, in the side streets of many if not all the greater cities of the civilized world, shops where skilled artisans are busily at work in the manufacture of "antiques"--antique furniture, antique rugs or brasses or clocks or violins.

Chapter 4 of White Ashes by Sidney R. (Sidney Robinson) Kennedy holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of White Ashes contain?

Chapter 4 holds 198 sentences of White Ashes, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of White Ashes by Sidney R. (Sidney Robinson) Kennedy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of White Ashes?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading White Ashes

Common questions about reading White Ashes by Sidney R. (Sidney Robinson) Kennedy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of White Ashes?

Yes. All 6661 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20308 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of White Ashes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20308, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does White Ashes take to read?

About 555 minutes of reading across 1333 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read White Ashes section by section

How to work through White Ashes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of White Ashes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in White Ashes

Words and structures a reader meets early in White Ashes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Floor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of White Ashes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lesser
A word that appears in the opening chapter of White Ashes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Office
A word that appears in the opening chapter of White Ashes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Buildings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of White Ashes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.