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Whitman: A Study
Whitman: A Study

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Whitman: A Study
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Books by John Burroughs.
WORKS.
14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.
WAKE-ROBIN.
WINTER SUNSHINE.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Whitman: A Study

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Books by John Burroughs.
/bʊks baɪ dʒɑːn ˈbʌroʊz/
Line 2
WORKS.
/wɜːrks/
Line 3
14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.
Line 4
WAKE-ROBIN.
Line 5
WINTER SUNSHINE.
/ˈwɪntər ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burroughs noun US /ˈbʌroʊz/

United States writer noted for his works portraying the life of drug addicts (1914-1997)

From this reading “Books by John Burroughs.”

calf noun US /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

gilt adjective US /ɡɪlt/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

morocco noun US /mərˈɑːkoʊ/

a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956

From this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

polished adjective US /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

sunshine noun US /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading “WINTER SUNSHINE.”

uniform adjective US /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

works noun US /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading “WORKS.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gilt top adjective + noun

In this reading “14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.”

WINTER SUNSHINE noun + noun

In this reading “WINTER SUNSHINE.”

All words in this reading · 22

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

17.10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

34.10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

37.45

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

BooksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Books by John Burroughs.

BurroughsnounUS /ˈbʌroʊz/

United States writer noted for his works portraying the life of drug addicts (1914-1997)

From this reading Books by John Burroughs.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Books by John Burroughs.

calfnounUS /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

giltadjectiveUS /ɡɪlt/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Books by John Burroughs.

monounUS /moʊ/

an indefinitely short time

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

morocconounUS /mərˈɑːkoʊ/

a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

polishedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

SUNSHINEnounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading WINTER SUNSHINE.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

vols

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 14 vols., uniform, 16mo, gilt top, $17.10; half calf, $34.10; half polished morocco, $37.45.

WAKE-ROBINnoun

any liliaceous plant of the genus Trillium having a whorl of three leaves at the top of the stem with a single three-petaled flower

From this reading WAKE-ROBIN.

WINTERnounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading WINTER SUNSHINE.

WORKSnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading WORKS.

Chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study contain?

Chapter 1 holds 403 sentences of Whitman: A Study, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Whitman: A Study?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Whitman: A Study

Common questions about reading Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Whitman: A Study?

Yes. All 2698 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30342 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Whitman: A Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30342, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Whitman: A Study take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Whitman: A Study section by section

How to work through Whitman: A Study section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Whitman: A Study to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Whitman: A Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in Whitman: A Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burroughs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.