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Whitman: A Study
Whitman: A Study

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.
The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.
"This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."
In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.
He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Whitman: A Study

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.
Line 2
The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.
Line 3
"This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."
/ðɪs ɪz noʊ bʊk hiː sez huː ˈtʌtʃəz ðɪs ˈtʌtʃəz ə mæn/
Line 4
In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.
Line 5
He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

challenging adjective US /ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/

requiring full use of your abilities or resources

From this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

credentials noun US /krəˈdenʃəlz/

a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts

From this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

extrinsic adjective US /ekˈstrɪnsɪk/

not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside

From this reading “He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.”

identifying verb US /aɪˈdentəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “identify” — recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

From this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

put-on noun US /ˈpʊˈtɑːn/

a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way

From this reading “He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.”

spontaneous adjective US /spɑːnˈteɪniəs/

happening or arising without apparent external cause

From this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

veils noun US /veɪlz/

plural of “veil” — a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading “He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.”

Whitman noun US /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading “In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own account verb + noun

In this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

stand between verb + particle

In this reading “The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.”

own terms verb + noun

In this reading “Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

aimsnounUS /eɪmz/

plural of “aim” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

artificialadjectiveUS /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl/

contrived by art rather than nature

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading "This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."

challengingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/

requiring full use of your abilities or resources

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

concealverbUS /kənˈsiːl/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

credentialsnounUS /krəˈdenʃəlz/

a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

cunninglyadverb

in an attractive manner

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

denyingverbUS /dɪˈnaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

emergingadjectiveUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/

coming to maturity

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

extrinsicadjectiveUS /ekˈstrɪnsɪk/

not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

favoredadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərd/

preferred above all others and treated with partiality

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

identifyingverbUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “identify” — recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

illusionsnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

mockingadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːkɪŋ/

abusing vocally; expressing contempt or ridicule

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

put-onnounUS /ˈpʊˈtɑːn/

a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

revealingadjectiveUS /rɪˈviːlɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

seeksnounUS /siːks/

plural of “seek” — the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

self-revelation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

spontaneousadjectiveUS /spɑːnˈteɪniəs/

happening or arising without apparent external cause

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The form the poet chose favored this self-revelation; there is nothing, no outside conscious art, to stand between himself and his reader.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

touchesnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading "This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

veilsnounUS /veɪlz/

plural of “veil” — a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading He aims to give us reality without the usual literary veils and illusions,--the least possible amount of the artificial, the extrinsic, the put-on, between himself and his reader.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

WhitmannounUS /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "This is no book," he says: "who touches this touches a man."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Never did the artist more cunningly conceal himself; never did he so completely lose himself in the man, identifying himself with the natural and spontaneous; never emerging and challenging attention on his own account, denying us when we too literally seek him, mocking us when we demand his credentials, and revealing himself only when we have come to him upon his own terms.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In one sense Whitman is without art,--the impression which he always seeks to make is that of reality itself.

Chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study contain?

Chapter 4 holds 406 sentences of Whitman: A Study, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Whitman: A Study?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Whitman: A Study

Common questions about reading Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Whitman: A Study?

Yes. All 2698 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30342 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Whitman: A Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30342, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Whitman: A Study take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Whitman: A Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in Whitman: A Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burroughs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.